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Table 5 Risk of Cancer in Various Sites Associated with ST Use and Smoking

From: Tobacco harm reduction: an alternative cessation strategy for inveterate smokers

Cancer Site

Risks from ST Use*

Risks from Smoking**

Pharynx

No relationship

RR= 5–11

Larynx

No relationship

13–15

Lung

Inadequate

13–23

Stomach

Not persuasive

1.4–2.0

Kidney

No association

1.3–3.7

Esophagus

Not persuasive

7–8

Pancreatic cancer

Inconclusive

2.3

Bladder cancer

None

2.2–3.3

  1. * From [94].
  2. ** Among current smokers (men and women), used by the CDC for national estimates of smoking-attributable mortality [96].
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517