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Table 4 Tobacco smoking and elevation of CEA concentrations

From: Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers

CEA mean levels (ng/ml)

Smokers

Non-smokers

Fukuda et al12

3.11 ± 1.8 (n = 467)

2.14 ± 1.8 (n = 874)

Alexander et al11

2.7 (n = 154)

1.9 (n = 122)

Naghilbahossaini et al16

1.84 ± 0.97 (n = 44). Opium smokers: 3.09 ± 3.00 (n = 128)

1.77 ± 0.86 (n = 47)

  1. CEA mean levels in smokers and non-smokers in the available literature
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517