Table 6 Values, notes, and sources for variables used to predict savings from overdose-related emergency room visits
Variable | Value | Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
Total annual injections in the SIF (I) | 180,000 | Based on Insite capacity and use | Milloy et al. [45] |
Percent of injections resulting in overdose (o) | 0.133% | Insite’s rate used as conservative estimate, since Baltimore has a higher overdose rate than Vancouver | Kerr et al. [99], Kerr et al. [16], Milloy et al. [45], Astemborski and Mehta [100] |
Rate of overdose resulting in emergency room visit (t o) | 33% | Â | Pollini et al. [50] |
Rate of SIF overdose emergency room visit (t i ) | 0.79% | Ambulance call rate for MSIC, an upper bound for emergency room visits | KPMG [14] |
Cost of overdose emergency room visit (F) | $1,364 | Average Baltimore City emergency room visit cost | Rienzi [102] |