Table 2 Baseline characteristics of Participants by receiving one shot of covid vaccination, N = 275, data collected October 5th, 2021 to September 13th, 2022
Variable | Received COVID-19 vaccination | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall, N = 275 | Not vaccinated, N = 53 | Vaccinated, N = 222 | p-value | |
Demographics | ||||
Gender (%) | 0.39 | |||
Male | 194 (71%) | 34 (64%) | 160 (72%) | |
Female | 80 (29%) | 19 (36%) | 61 (27%) | |
Transgender | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | |
Mean age (SD) | 49(11) | 48(12) | 49(10) | 0.60 |
Race or ethnicity (%) | 0.28 | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 83 (30%) | 13 (25%) | 70 (32%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 97 (35%) | 22 (42%) | 75 (34%) | |
Hispanic | 71 (26%) | 11 (21%) | 60 (27%) | |
Mixed/Other race | 23 (8%) | 7 (13%) | 16 (7%) | |
Education (Have High school diploma or GED, %) | 0.95 | |||
No | 84 (31%) | 16 (30%) | 68 (31%) | |
Yes | 191 (69%) | 37 (70%) | 154 (69%) | |
Main source of income in last 6 months (%) | 0.69 | |||
Regular employment | 24 (9%) | 5 (9%) | 19 (9%) | |
Government benefits | 194 (71%) | 35 (66%) | 159 (72%) | |
Irregular employment or friend/relative’s income | 31 (11%) | 6 (11%) | 25 (11%) | |
Possibly illegal | 26 (9%) | 7 (13%) | 19 (9%) | |
Housing status in last 6 months (%) | 0.71 | |||
Stably housed | 101 (37%) | 20 (38%) | 81 (36%) | |
Housed with friends/relatives | 58 (21%) | 13 (25%) | 45 (20%) | |
Unstable/homeless | 116 (42%) | 20 (38%) | 96 (43%) | |
Experienced food insecurity in last 6 months (%) | 0.29 | |||
No | 97 (35%) | 22 (42%) | 75 (34%) | |
Yes | 178 (65%) | 31 (58%) | 147 (66%) | |
Have a smartphone | 0.90 | |||
No | 43 (16%) | 8 (15%) | 35 (16%) | |
Yes | 232 (84%) | 45 (85%) | 187 (84%) | |
COVID-19 vaccination and comorbidity | ||||
Fully vaccinated (%) | ||||
No | 65 (24%) | 53 (100%) | 12 (5%) | |
Yes | 210 (76%) | 0 (0%) | 210 (95%) | |
COVID-19 antibody test1 (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Negative | 36 (13%) | 19 (36%) | 17 (8%) | |
Positive | 238 (87%) | 34 (64%) | 204 (92%) | |
Mean vaccination attitude score (SD) | 25(6) | 31(5) | 24(6) | < 0.001 |
Number of pre-existing conditions2 | 0.85 | |||
None | 154 (56%) | 28 (53%) | 126 (57%) | |
1 | 90 (33%) | 19 (36%) | 71 (32%) | |
2–4 | 31 (11%) | 6 (11%) | 25 (11%) | |
Drug use history | ||||
Main drug (%) | 0.96 | |||
Heroin | 222 (81%) | 44 (83%) | 178 (80%) | |
Cocaine | 31 (11%) | 5 (9%) | 26 (12%) | |
Other drugs | 22 (8%) | 4 (8%) | 18 (8%) | |
Frequency of use for main drugs in last 6 months (%) | 0.26 | |||
Once a week or less | 15 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 14 (6%) | |
Several times per week | 82 (30%) | 13 (25%) | 69 (31%) | |
Daily or more frequently | 177 (65%) | 39 (74%) | 138 (62%) | |
Receiving methadone maintenance treatment (%) | 0.90 | |||
Never | 55 (20%) | 12 (23%) | 43 (19%) | |
Previous | 72 (26%) | 13 (25%) | 59 (27%) | |
Current | 148 (54%) | 28 (53%) | 120 (54%) | |
Used methadone in last 30 days | 0.08 | |||
No | 238 (87%) | 42 (79%) | 196 (88%) | |
Yes | 37 (13%) | 11 (21%) | 26 (12%) | |
Mental health | ||||
Kessler Psychological distress (%) | 0.70 | |||
Moderate/Minor | 170 (62%) | 34 (64%) | 136 (61%) | |
Serious | 105 (38%) | 19 (36%) | 86 (39%) | |
Substance use disorder (%) | 0.77 | |||
Mild/Moderate | 19 (7%) | 4 (8%) | 15 (7%) | |
Severe | 256 (93%) | 49 (92%) | 207 (93%) | |