Table 2 Bivariate and multivariable odds ratios between potential correlates and major or persistent pain in the last 6 months among cohort of 335 women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada

Sociodemographic factors

Age (per year older)

1.04 [1.02–1.06]

1.04 [1.03–1.06]

Sexual minority identity

1.30 [0.95–1.78]

Gender minority identity

0.82 [0.48–1.40]

Race

 Indigenous

1.06 [0.77–1.47]

 Otherwise racialized person

1.06 [0.62–1.82]

 White

Reference

Graduated high school

0.81 [0.60–1.10]

Currently living in Downtown Eastside^a

0.78 [0.58–1.05]

Food insecurity^b

1.15 [0.90–1.48]

Housing insecurity^b

1.41 [1.16–1.72]

Homeless^b

0.98 [0.71–1.35]

Food and housing insecurity^b

 Food and housing secure

Reference

Reference

 Food or housing insecure

1.36 [1.01–1.85]

1.24 [0.89–1.71]

 Food and housing insecure

1.70 [1.22–2.35]

1.54 [1.08–2.19]

Mental health and substance use factors

Non-injection opioid use^b

 Daily

0.51 [0.26–0.98]

0.46 [0.22–0.96]

 Less than daily

1.51 [1.10–2.07]

1.53 [1.07–2.17]

 None

Reference

Reference

Injection opioid use^b

 Daily

1.15 [0.81–1.64]

 Less than daily

0.95 [0.69–1.30]

 None

Reference

Cannabis use^b

 Daily

1.14 [0.82–1.57]

 Less than daily

1.23 [0.91–1.65]

 None

Reference

Accidental overdose^b

1.18 [0.85–1.64]

Diagnosed/treated for depression^b

1.33 [1.06–1.67]

1.34 [1.03–1.75]

Suicidal ideation^b

1.86 [1.36–2.55]

1.71 [1.21–2.42]

General health factors

Access to health services when needed^b

0.60 [0.44–0.83]

0.63 [0.44–0.91]

Detectable viral load^b

1.33 [1.00–1.77]

Interpersonal factors

Sexual violence^b

0.86 [0.50–1.50]

Physical violence^b

1.28 [1.02–1.61]

1.24 [0.96–1.60]