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Table 5 Adjusted multinomial logistic regression associations between houselessness and the frequency of SSP use in the prior 30 days among Rural Opioid Initiative PWID and used an SSP at least once in the prior 30 days (n = 972)

From: Houselessness and syringe service program utilization among people who inject drugs in eight rural areas across the USA: a cross-sectional analysis

Characteristic

Frequency of SSP useb

Twice versus once

Three times versus once

Four or more times versus once

aOR

(95% CI)

aOR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

Experienced houselessnessa

0.90

(0.60, 1.36)

1.23

(0.77, 1.98)

0.59

(0.40, 0.85)

Drug Useb

Heroin

2.31

(1.43, 3.75)

2.47

(1.39, 4.40)

2.81

(1.75, 4.52)

Street fentanyl

0.93

(0.56, 1.54)

0.94

(0.55, 1.60)

1.17

(0.74, 1.84)

Opiate painkillers

0.79

(0.51, 1.20)

1.43

(0.89, 2.29)

1.77

(1.20, 2.61)

Proximity to SSP

Walking distance

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

 < 30-min drive

0.70

(0.46, 1.07)

0.60

(0.37, 0.96)

0.45

(0.31, 0.68)

 > 30-min drive

0.49

(0.25, 0.99)

0.34

(0.14, 0.82)

0.33

(0.17, 0.65)

No program reasonably close

0.16

(0.02, 1.44)

0.22

(0.02, 2.00)

0.39

(0.09, 1.65)

  1. Bold indicates statistically significant at p < 0.05
  2. SSP Syringe service program, PWID people who inject drugs, aOR adjusted odds ratios, CI confidence interval
  3. Multivariable regression was performed excluding participants who reported ‘don’t know how close an SSP is’ (n = 5) because model would not converge due to small cell sizes
  4. aReference period: prior 6 months
  5. bReference period: prior 30 days
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517