Table 3 Correlates of experiencing violence among male participants in the past year

Total

1074/2336[46%]

839/2336[36%]

609/2336[26%]

124/2336[5%]

Age

18–30 years

362/775 [47%]

1(Ref)

287/775 [37%]

1(Ref)

205/775 [26%]

1(Ref)

42/775 [5%]

1(Ref)

31–40 years

477/999 [48%]

1.02 [0.93, 1.13]

379/999 [38%]

1.02 [0.91, 1.16]

268/999 [27%]

1.01 [0.87, 1.19]

66/999 [7%]

1.22 [0.84, 1.77]

 > 40 years

235/562 [42%]

0.9 [0.79, 1.01]

173/562 [31%]

0.83 *[0.71, 0.97]

136/562 [24%]

0.91 [0.76, 1.1]

16/562 [3%]

0.53 *[0.3, 0.92]

Region

Nairobi

422/1088 [39%]

1(Ref)

366/1088 [34%]

1(Ref)

213/1088 [20%]

1(Ref)

16/1088 [1%]

1(Ref)

Coast

652/1248 [52%]

1.35 **[1.23, 1.48]

473/1248 [38%]

1.13 *[1.01, 1.26]

396/1248 [32%]

1.62 **[1.4, 1.87]

108/1248 [9%]

5.88 **[3.5, 9.89]

Marital Status

Single

383/898 [43%]

1(Ref)

316/898 [35%]

1(Ref)

202/898 [22%]

1(Ref)

43/898 [5%]

1(Ref)

Married

298/669 [45%]

1.04 [0.93, 1.17]

218/669 [33%]

0.93 [0.8, 1.07]

174/669 [26%]

1.16 [0.97, 1.38]

50/669 [7%]

1.56 * [1.05, 2.32]

Partnered

66/114 [58%]

1.36 *[1.14, 1.62]

47/114 [41%]

1.17 [0.92, 1.48]

47/114 [41%]

1.83 ** [1.43, 2.35]

9/114 [8%]

1.65 [0.83, 3.29]

Divorced/Separated/Widow

327/654 [50%]

1.17 *[1.05, 1.31]

258/654 [39%]

1.12 [0.98, 1.28]

186/654 [28%]

1.26 *[1.06, 1.5]

22/654 [3%]

0.7 [0.42, 1.16]

Employment

Formal

54/133 [41%]

1(Ref)

38/133 [29%]

1(Ref)

28/133 [21%]

1(Ref)

7/133 [5%]

1(Ref)

Self-employ

102/252 [40%]

1 [0.77, 1.29]

75/252 [30%]

1.04 [0.75, 1.45]

57/252 [23%]

1.07 [0.72, 1.6]

10/252 [4%]

0.75 [0.29, 1.94]

Informal

204/465 [44%]

1.08 [0.86, 1.36]

160/465 [34%]

1.2 [0.9, 1.62]

117/465 [25%]

1.2 [0.83, 1.72]

15/465 [3%]

0.61 [0.26, 1.47]

Illegal

94/167 [56%]

1.39 *[1.08, 1.77]

74/167 [44%]

1.55 *[1.13, 2.13]

63/167 [38%]

1.79 * [1.22, 2.63]

10/167 [6%]

1.14 [0.45, 2.91]

No income or partner family support

27/76 [36%]

0.88 [0.61, 1.26]

21/76 [28%]

0.97 [0.62, 1.52]

18/76 [24%]

1.12 [0.67, 1.89]

5/76 [7%]

1.25 [0.41, 3.8]

Housing

Stable

916/2027 [45%]

1(Ref)

700/2027 [35%]

1(Ref)

518/2027 [26%]

1(Ref)

119/2027 [6%]

1(Ref)

Unstable

158/307 [51%]

1.14 *[1.01, 1.28]

139/307 [45%]

1.31 **[1.14, 1.5]

91/307 [30%]

1.16 [0.96, 1.4]

5/307 [2%]

0.28 **[0.11, 0.67]

Partner type

Injecting

772/1685 [46%]

1(Ref)

599/1685 [36%]

1(Ref)

438/1685 [26%]

1(Ref)

82/1685 [5%]

1(Ref)

Sexual

169/367 [46%]

1.01[0.89, 1.14]

132/367 [36%]

1.01[0.87, 1.18]

104/367 [28%]

1.09[0.91, 1.31]

26/367 [7%]

1.46[0.95, 2.23]

Both sex and inject

130/279 [47%]

1.02[0.89, 1.17]

107/279 [38%]

1.08[0.92, 1.27]

66/279 [24%]

0.91[0.73, 1.14]

15/279 [5%]

1.1[0.65, 1.89]

HIV status

Negative

938/2046 [46%]

1(Ref)

739/2046 [36%]

1(Ref)

529/2046 [26%]

1(Ref)

107/2046 [5%]

1(Ref)

Positive

130/280 [46%]

1.01 [0.89, 1.16]

96/280 [34%]

0.95 [0.8, 1.13]

77/280 [28%]

1.06 [0.87, 1.3]

16/280 [6%]

1.09 [0.66, 1.82]

ART

On ART

103/221 [47%]

1(Ref)

76/221 [34%]

1(Ref)

59/221 [27%]

1(Ref)

8/221 [4%]

1(Ref)

Not on ART

27/59 [46%]

0.98 [0.72, 1.34]

20/59 [34%]

0.99 [0.66, 1.47]

18/59 [31%]

1.14 [0.73, 1.78]

8/59 [14%]

3.75 *[1.47, 9.56]

Injecting drug use and Methadone status

No active IDU/Methadone

13/47 [28%]

1(Ref)

12/47 [26%]

1(Ref)

6/47 [13%]

1(Ref)

0/47 [0%]

1(Ref)

Active IDU/Methadone

172/367 [47%]

1.69 *[1.05, 2.72]

134/367 [37%]

1.43 [0.86, 2.37]

101/367 [28%]

2.16 *[1.0, 4.64]

36/367 [10%]

Inf *[NaN, Inf]

Active IDU/ No Methadone

696/1542 [45%]

1.63 *[1.02, 2.6]

554/1542 [36%]

1.41 [0.86, 2.3]

371/1542 [24%]

1.88 [0.89, 4]

50/1542 [3%]

Inf [NaN, Inf]

No active IDU/ No Methadone

13/27 [48%]

1.74 [0.95, 3.19]

10/27 [37%]

1.45 [0.73, 2.9]

8/27 [30%]

2.32 [0.9, 5.98]

2/27 [7%]

Inf [NaN, Inf]

Male participants’ sexual partners

Only women

957/2138 [45%]

1(Ref)

751/2138 [35%]

1(Ref)

518/2138 [24%]

1(Ref)

93/2138 [4%]

1(Ref)

Men (or both men and women)

116/190 [61%]

1.36 **[1.21, 1.54]

87/190 [46%]

1.3 *[1.11, 1.54]

90/190 [47%]

1.96 **[1.65, 2.31]

31/190 [16%]

3.75 **[2.57, 5.48]