Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic and network characteristics of PWID in Ukraine (N = 1195)

Age in years

 Mean (SD)

31.4 (8.8)

31.2 (7.9)

31.3 (8.4)

 Median (IQR)

30 (25–37)

30 (25–36)

30 (25–37)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

0.01 (0.925)

Gender, n (%)

 Female

136 (23.2)

165 (27.0)

301 (25.2)

 Male

449 (76.8)

445 (73.0)

894 (74.8)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

2.29 (0.130)

Ethnicity, n (%)

 Ukrainian

427 (73.0)

473 (77.5)

900 (75.3)

 Russian

137 (23.4)

121 (19.8)

258 (21.6)

 Other

21 (3.6)

16 (2.6)

37 (3.1)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

3.50 (0.174)

City of residence, n (%)

 Odesa

205 (35.0)

216 (35.4)

421 (35.2)

 Mykolaiv

193 (33.0)

218 (35.7)

411 (34.4)

 Donetsk

187 (32.0)

176 (28.9)

363 (30.4)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

1.62 (0.445)

Relationship status, n (%)

 Single

288 (49.2)

286 (46.9)

574 (48.0)

 Married

85 (14.5)

89 (14.6)

174 (14.6)

 Common law married, cohabiting

93 (15.9)

123 (20.2)

216 (18.1)

 Separated, divorced

95 (16.2)

92 (15.1)

187 (15.6)

 Widowed, other

24 (4.1)

20 (3.3)

44 (3.7)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

4.16 (0.385)

Injection frequency^a

 Mean (SD)

3.0 (0.9)

3.1 (0.9)

3.0 (0.9)

 Median (IQR)

3.0 (2.4–3.7)

3.1 (2.3–3.7)

3.1 (2.4–3.7)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

0.40 (0.525)

Gender of network members^b

 Female

107 (25.8)

116 (27.6)

223 (26.7)

 Male

307 (74.2)

304 (72.4)

611 (73.3)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

0.33 (0.566)

Number of women in network, including index

 0

252 (43.1)

268 (43.9)

520 (43.5)

 1

240 (41.0)

220 (36.1)

460 (38.5)

 2

81 (13.8)

92 (15.1)

173 (14.5)

 3

12 (2.1)

30 (4.9)

42 (3.5)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

9.26 (0.026)*

Number of women in network, excluding index

 0

310 (53.0)

326 (53.4)

636 (53.2)

 1

223 (38.1)

223 (36.6)

446 (37.3)

 2

52 (8.9)

61 (10.0)

113 (9.5)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

0.60 (0.742)

Index gender^c

 Female

29 (17.0)

49 (25.8)

78 (21.6)

 Male

142 (83.0)

141 (74.2)

283 (78.4)

 χ² (p-value)

–

–

4.14 (0.042)*