Table 1 Demographics and naloxone experience by product choice
From: Bystander preference for naloxone products: a field experiment
Total | Higher-dose nasal spray | Lower-dose nasal spray | Intramuscular injection | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 509) | (N = 226) | (N = 130) | (N = 153) | ||
How old are you? | 0.304 | ||||
18–24 | 81 (15.9%) | 40 (17.7%) | 19 (14.6%) | 22 (14.4%) | |
25–34 | 107 (21.0%) | 50 (22.1%) | 24 (18.5%) | 33 (21.6%) | |
35–44 | 82 (16.1%) | 28 (12.4%) | 21 (16.2%) | 33 (21.6%) | |
45–54 | 78 (15.3%) | 42 (18.6%) | 19 (14.6%) | 17 (11.1%) | |
55–64 | 100 (19.6%) | 44 (19.5%) | 30 (23.1%) | 26 (17.0%) | |
65 or older | 57 (11.2%) | 22 (9.7%) | 16 (12.3%) | 19 (12.4%) | |
Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
Missing | 3 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | |
To which gender identity do you most identify? | 0.405 | ||||
Female | 339 (66.6%) | 148 (65.5%) | 86 (66.2%) | 105 (68.6%) | |
Male | 152 (29.9%) | 66 (29.2%) | 40 (30.8%) | 46 (30.1%) | |
Transgender female | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Transgender male | 4 (0.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
Gender variant/non-conforming | 10 (2.0%) | 6 (2.7%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
Another option not listed | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Prefer not to answer | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
Missing | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
What is your race/ethnicity? (select all that apply) | |||||
American Indian or Alaska Native | 13 (2.6%) | 6 (2.7%) | 4 (3.1%) | 3 (2.0%) | 0.881b |
Asian | 8 (1.6%) | 5 (2.2%) | 3 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.139b |
Black or African-American | 32 (6.3%) | 13 (5.8%) | 9 (6.9%) | 10 (6.5%) | 0.898b |
Hispanic or Latino | 17 (3.3%) | 6 (2.7%) | 5 (3.8%) | 6 (3.9%) | 0.700b |
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0.556b |
White | 436 (85.7%) | 198 (87.6%) | 105 (80.8%) | 133 (86.9%) | 0.180b |
Prefer not to answer | 11 (2.2%) | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (1.5%) | 5 (3.3%) | 0.583b |
Other than the training you took today, have you ever been trained in bystander recognition and opioid overdose response? | 0.893 | ||||
Yes | 191 (37.5%) | 86 (38.1%) | 47 (36.2%) | 58 (37.9%) | |
No | 309 (60.7%) | 134 (59.3%) | 82 (63.1%) | 93 (60.8%) | |
I'm not sure | 8 (1.6%) | 5 (2.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | |
Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Have you ever administered naloxone to reverse an overdose? | 0.787 | ||||
Yes | 63 (12.4%) | 27 (11.9%) | 15 (11.5%) | 21 (13.7%) | |
No | 439 (86.2%) | 195 (86.3%) | 115 (88.5%) | 129 (84.3%) | |
I'm not sure | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Missing | 5 (1.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.0%) | |
Do you carry naloxone for overdose reversal now, or have you carried naloxone before? | 0.336 | ||||
I have never carried naloxone and do not now | 366 (71.9%) | 158 (69.9%) | 98 (75.4%) | 110 (71.9%) | |
I have carried naloxone before but do not now | 86 (16.9%) | 42 (18.6%) | 21 (16.2%) | 23 (15.0%) | |
I carry naloxone now | 46 (9.0%) | 21 (9.3%) | 7 (5.4%) | 18 (11.8%) | |
I'm not sure | 8 (1.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | 4 (3.1%) | 1 (0.7%) | |
Missing | 3 (0.6%) | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.7%) |