Table 2 Product choice by factors influencing choice and willingness to administer
From: Bystander preference for naloxone products: a field experiment
Total | Higher-dose nasal spray (HS) | Lower-dose nasal spray (LS) | Intramuscular injection (II) | HS versus LSa (p-value) | HS versus IIb (p-value) | LS versus IIc (p-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 509) | (N = 226) | (N = 130) | (N = 153) | ||||
Please rate how each of the following factors influenced your choice to take [self_choice] home with you today | |||||||
Dose of naloxone in the product | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 8.00 [5.00, 10.0] | 9.00 [6.00, 10.0] | 6.00 [5.00, 9.00] | 7.00 [5.00, 9.00] | |||
Missing | 45 (8.8%) | 16 (7.1%) | 13 (10.0%) | 16 (10.5%) | |||
Ease of use | –d | – | – | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 9.00 [7.00, 10.0] | 9.00 [7.00, 10.0] | 9.00 [7.00, 10.0] | 9.00 [6.00, 10.0] | |||
Missing | 34 (6.7%) | 18 (8.0%) | 7 (5.4%) | 9 (5.9%) | |||
Familiarity with the product (i.e., I have heard of this product before) | < 0.001 | 0.092 | < 0.001 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 5.00 [5.00, 9.00] | 5.00 [2.00, 7.25] | 9.00 [5.00, 10.0] | 5.00 [5.00, 9.00] | |||
Missing | 52 (10.2%) | 26 (11.5%) | 9 (6.9%) | 17 (11.1%) | |||
Fear of needles | 0.063 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 2.00 [0, 6.00] | 3.00 [0, 6.00] | 5.00 [0, 9.00] | 0 [0, 4.25] | |||
Missing | 43 (8.4%) | 20 (8.8%) | 10 (7.7%) | 13 (8.5%) | |||
Concern for injuring myself with the used needle | 0.201 | 0.033 | < 0.001 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 2.00 [0, 5.00] | 3.00 [0, 5.00] | 5.00 [0, 9.00] | 1.00 [0, 5.00] | |||
Missing | 47 (9.2%) | 22 (9.7%) | 13 (10.0%) | 12 (7.8%) | |||
Potential side effects | 0.002 | 1 | 0.038 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 3.00 [0, 5.00] | 2.00 [0, 5.00] | 5.00 [0.250, 5.75] | 2.00 [0, 5.00] | |||
Missing | 64 (12.6%) | 29 (12.8%) | 16 (12.3%) | 19 (12.4%) | |||
How willing are you to administer each of them to reverse an opioid overdose? | |||||||
Higher-Dose Nasal Spray | 0.125 | 0.03 | 1 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 10.0 [8.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [8.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [7.00, 10.0] | |||
Missing | 39 (7.7%) | 15 (6.6%) | 12 (9.2%) | 12 (7.8%) | |||
Lower-Dose Nasal Spray | – | – | – | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 10.0 [8.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [8.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [7.50, 10.0] | |||
Missing | 38 (7.5%) | 20 (8.8%) | 8 (6.2%) | 10 (6.5%) | |||
Intramuscular Injection | 1 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Median [Q1, Q3] | 9.00 [5.00, 10.0] | 8.00 [5.00, 10.0] | 8.00 [5.00, 10.0] | 10.0 [9.00, 10.0] | |||
Missing | 51 (10.0%) | 27 (11.9%) | 19 (14.6%) | 5 (3.3%) | |||