The associations between social determinants of health, mental health, substance-use and recidivism: a ten-year retrospective cohort analysis of women who completed the connections programme in Australia

Table 3 Issue identified at baseline and needs at follow-up by group

Needs	Issues identified at baseline n = 413 (%)^a	Needs at follow-up^b,c n = 404	Women n (%)		p-value
Needs	Issues identified at baseline n = 413 (%)^a	Needs at follow-up^b,c n = 404	Return-to-custody within two years (RTC) group n = 166 (40.2%)	Did not return-to-custody within two years (No-RTC) group n = 238 (59.8%)	p-value
Social Determinants of Health
Total SDOH, mean (SD)	5.0 (1.9)	1.3 (1.2)	1.3 (1.3)	1.3 (1.2)	0.27
Housing	343 (83.1)	105 (26.0)	48 (28.9)	57 (23.9)	0.26
Employment	332 (80.4)	26 (6.4)	11 (6.6)	15 (6.3)	0.90
Financial problems	383 (92.7)	196 (48.5)	79 (47.6)	117 (49.2)	0.76
Education	314 (76.0)	21 (5.2)	9 (5.4)	12 (5.0)	0.90
Domestic violence	86 (20.8)	14 (3.5)	4 (2.4)	10 (4.2)	0.33
Child-custody	250 (81.7)	62 (20.8)	30 (23.6)	32 (18.7)	0.31
Social support	285 (69.0)	98 (24.3)	42 (25.3)	56 (23.5)	0.68
Complex health issues
Total health issues, mean (SD)	1.3 (0.6)	0.8 (0.8)	0.8 (0.8)	0.7 (0.7)	0.11
Substance-use	387 (93.7)	130 (32.2)	63 (38.0)	67 (28.2)	0.04
Mental health	164 (39.7)	188 (46.5)	77 (46.4)	111 (46.6)	0.96
Total needs
Total needs, mean (SD) ^d	6.3 (2.2)	2.1 (1.7)	2.2 (1.8)	2.0 (1.6)	0.16

^aSDOH = Social determinants of health
^bSocial determinants of health are defined as ongoing needs. They are the proportion of women who had an “issue” at baseline and reported still having that need at follow-up, whereas complex health issues were analysed at follow-up only (i.e., post-release), and therefore are not categorised as ongoing
^cNine women’s’ RTC status was missing, and therefore, we excluded them from the analysis
^dMean total needs are the mean SDOH and health issues per woman

ISSN: 1477-7517