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Table 2 Unadjusted and final hierarchical logistic regression model results for the association with experience of opioid overdose

From: Associations with experience of non-fatal opioid overdose in British Columbia, Canada: a repeated cross sectional survey study

  

Block 3 (final model): drug use characteristic with effect modification by year of survey

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

p value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

p value

Age category

  29 and Under

1.67 (1.15–2.44)

0.01

1.53 (0.99–2.36)

0.05

  30–39

1.45 (1.03–2.05)

0.03

1.19 (0.81–1.77)

0.37

  40–49

1.21 (0.85–1.72)

0.30

1.01 (0.68–1.51)

0.95

  50 and Over

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Unknown

1.09 (0.40–3.00)

0.86

1.17 (0.38–3.63)

0.79

Gender

  Cis Woman

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Cis Man

1.47 (1.12–1.93)

0.01

1.49 (1.10–2.02)

0.01

  Transgender and gender expansive

0.36 (0.08–1.55)

0.17

0.45 (0.09–2.23)

0.34

  Unknown

0.70 (0.15–3.14)

0.64

0.82 (0.16–4.16)

0.81

Stable housing

  Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  No

2.01 (1.56–2.60)

 < 0.01

1.87 (1.40–2.50)

 < 0.01

  Unknown

1.25 (0.46–3.40)

0.66

1.18 (0.35–3.95)

0.79

Year

  2018

1.21 (0.88–1.66)

0.25

0.69 (0.29–1.64)

0.40

  2019

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  2021

1.63 (1.21–2.19)

 < 0.01

3.06 (1.57–5.97)

 < 0.01

LAST 6 Months

Experience Stimulant Overdosea

  Yes

6.91 (4.92–9.71)

 < 0.01

  

  No

Ref

Ref

  

  Don’t Know

3.21 (1.53–6.71)

 < 0.01

  

  Unknown

1.18 (0.51–2.73)

0.69

  

2018

  Yes

–

 

18.85 (9.17–38.75)

 < 0.01

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

38.40 (3.36–438.75)

 < 0.01

  Unknown

–

 

2.22 (0.51–9.70)

0.29

2019

  Yes

–

 

8.58 (4.81–15.33)

 < 0.01

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

1.00 (0.21–4.81)

1.0

  Unknown

–

 

2.94 (0.47–18.33)

0.25

2021

  Yes

–

 

2.73 (1.42–5.24)

 < 0.01

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

9.23 (1.81–47.24)

 < 0.01

  Unknown

–

 

0.49 (0.10–2.39)

0.38

Witness Overdosea

  Yes

2.45 (1.81–3.31)

 < 0.01

  

  No

Ref

Ref

  

  Don’t Know

1.48 (0.48–4.50)

0.49

  

  Unknown

1.83 (0.99–3.38)

0.05

  

2018

  Yes

–

 

3.35 (1.58–7.10)

 < 0.01

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

0.14 (0.01–2.35)

0.17

  Unknown

–

 

4.93 (1.37–17.67)

0.01

2019

  Yes

–

 

2.63 (1.50–4.62)

 < 0.01

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

0.00 (0.00-Inf)

0.98

  Unknown

–

 

1.62 (0.56–4.66)

0.37

2021

  Yes

–

 

1.49 (0.91–2.44)

0.12

  No

–

 

Ref

Ref

  Don’t Know

–

 

2.35 (0.43–12.80)

0.32

  Unknown

–

 

0.47 (0.09–2.43)

0.37

  1. Bolded results indicate significance at p < 0.05
  2. aThe Block 3 Model (Final Model) includes interaction terms for experience of stimulant overdose * year and witnessed an overdose * year
  3. Data sourced from the British Columbia Harm Reduction Client Survey (2018, 2019, and 2021)
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517