Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-testing kits among people who inject drugs in the San Diego–Tijuana border region

Table 3 Individual characteristics associated with willingness to use HIVST kits among HIV-negative PWID in the San Diego–Tijuana border region (N = 539)

	Willing to use HIVST kits		Adjusted
	No (N = 103)	Yes (N = 436)	Adjusted
	n (column %)	n (column %)	PR	95% CI
Socio-demographics
Mean age in years	44.3 (SD = 10.2)	43.0 (SD = 10.9)	0.998	0.994, 1.001
Identifies as Hispanic/Latinx/Mexican	76 (73.8)	313 (71.8)	0.98	0.90, 1.07
Assigned male sex at birth	80 (77.7)	323 (74.1)	0.96	0.88, 1.06
San Diego resident	68 (66.0)	302 (69.3)	1.03	0.94, 1.13
Mean years of education^a	8.8 (SD = 3.7)	10.1 (SD = 3.3)	1.02	1.01, 1.04
Homeless (past 6 months)^b	41 (39.8)	208 (47.7)	1.06	0.97, 1.15
HIV testing history
Lifetime^c	57 (55.3)	339 (78.3)	1.24	1.10, 1.40
Past 12 months^c	30 (29.7)	150 (35.5)	1.03	0.95, 1.12
Substance use and injection behaviors (past 6 months)
Hazardous alcohol consumption^d,h	9 (8.7)	94 (21.6)	1.12	1.04, 1.22
Polydrug use^d,i	72 (70.6)	342 (79.7)	1.06	0.94, 1.19
Injected drugs multiple times daily^d	82 (79.6)	288 (66.1)	0.87	0.80, 0.95
Used a syringe that you knew/suspected had been used before^d	62 (60.2)	215 (49.3)	0.92	0.85, 1.00
Sexual behaviors (past 6 months)
Mean number of sexual partners^e	3.3 (SD = 12.7)	5.5 (SD = 49.0)	1.0000	0.9998, 1.0003
Any transactional sex^e,j	6 (5.9)	58 (13.3)	1.09	0.97, 1.21
Any alcohol or drug use before or during sex^e	48 (47.1)	233 (53.4)	1.01	0.93, 1.10
Perceived risk of HIV
More likely to get HIV than other PWID in this city^f	46 (44.7)	108 (25.1)	0.83	0.74, 0.93
PrEP
Previously aware of PrEP^g	11 (10.7)	83 (19.0)	1.04	0.95, 1.13
Interested in using any type of PrEP (oral, injectable, or vaginal)^g	91 (88.4)	366 (84.1)	1.02	0.91, 1.14

CI Confidence interval; HIVST HIV self-testing; PR Prevalence ratio; PrEP Pre-exposure prophylaxis; PWID People who inject drugs; SD Standard deviation
^aAdjusted for age, ethnicity, assigned sex at birth, and city of residence
^bAdjusted for the covariates noted in (a) and education
^cAdjusted for the covariates noted in (b) and homelessness
^dAdjusted for the covariates noted in (c) and prior HIV testing
^eAdjusted for the covariates noted in (d) and polydrug use
^fAdjusted for the covariates noted in (e) and number of sexual partners
^gAdjusted for the covariates noted in (f) and perceived risk of HIV
^hAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT-C] score ≥ 4 for men and ≥ 3 for women
ⁱPolydrug use = used ≥ 2 of the following drugs: heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, fentanyl, PCP/angel dust, ecstasy
^jTransactional sex = received something you needed (such as money, drugs, alcohol, shelter, food transportation, or protection) in exchange for sex

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