Table 1 Criteria for questionnaire and qualitative interviews
Site | Questionnaire Criteria | Qualitative Interview Criteria | Qualitative interview dependent on completion of questionnaire? | Qualitative recruitment method |
|---|---|---|---|---|
IL | Age ≥ 15 English speaking Injected drug to get high in last 30 days OR used any opioid by any route in last 30 days Not currently intoxicated Passes drug screening test | Accepts referral to Harm Reduction services | Yes | Questionnaire |
KY | Age ≥ 18 English speaking Current resident in 12 county area Injected drugs or used opioids to get high within past 30 days Urine drug screen to verify drug use | Same as questionnaire | Yes | Questionnaire |
NC | Age ≥ 18 English speaking Current resident in study area and intends to stay 12 months Opioid injection or methamphetamine injection in past 30 days Verification by stigmata or appropriate description of injection practices | Indication in questionnaire of having injected painkillers or heroin | Yes | Questionnaire |
NE | Age ≥ 18 English speaking Injected drugs or used opioids to get high within past 30 days (self-report) Living within 11 rural counties (MA, NH, VT) Can provide informed consent | People who inject drugs and/or use opioids from 11 rural counties | No | Convenience sample of in-depth interview participants through street outreach, venue-based recruitment, and respondent driven sampling from larger study |
OH | Age ≥ 18 Current resident of 3-county study area Have used heroin or prescription opioids OR have injected any type of drug to get high in the past 30 days Can provide informed consent | 50% male/female 50% accessed health-or drug-related services in the past year Subsamples of individuals who have recently transitioned to injection and women with experiences with NAS | No | Community partners and key informants |
OR | Age ≥ 18 English speaking Live in the study area Have injected drugs or report recreational opioid use without injection in the last 30 days Willing to provide consent for risk survey and future linkage of biologic and survey data to administrative data | Any PWUD living in study area | No | Advertisement in community-based and service locations; direct recruitment by service provider and outreach staff |
WI | Age ≥ 15 English speaking Injected any opioid drug in the past 1 month Reside in a rural community | Same as questionnaire | Yes | Questionnaire |
WV | Age ≥ 18 English speaking Current resident of one of 7 counties of study area Injection in past 30 days | Same as questionnaire | No | Direct recruitment by outreach staff and service providers of dynamic individuals well-known in the IDU community as "seeds" to recruit other PWID |