An exploratory, randomised, crossover study to investigate the effect of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy adult smokers who use an electronic cigarette after a period of smoking abstinence

Green, Harry J.; O’Shea, Olivia K.; Cotter, Jack; Philpott, Helen L.; Newland, Nik

doi:10.1186/s12954-024-00993-0

Harm Reduction Journal

Table 4 RVP scores

From: An exploratory, randomised, crossover study to investigate the effect of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy adult smokers who use an electronic cigarette after a period of smoking abstinence

Test product	Reference product	LSMean (95% CI)		Difference in LSMeans (95% CI) Test—Reference	Tukey adjusted P-value	Cohen’s d effect size
Test product	Reference product	Test product	Reference product	Difference in LSMeans (95% CI) Test—Reference	Tukey adjusted P-value	Cohen’s d effect size
EPEN-0 mg (n = 38)	No Product (n = 37)	0.00487 (− 0.00276, 0.01249)	0.00255 (− 0.00516, 0.01025)	0.00232 (− 0.01127, 0.01591)	0.9897	0.11
EPEN-12 mg (n = 39)	No Product (n = 37)	0.01950 (0.01199, 0.02702)	0.00255 (− 0.00516, 0.01025)	0.01696 (0.00345, 0.03046)	0.0061*	0.80
EPEN-18 mg (n = 39)	No Product (n = 37)	0.01752 (0.01000, 0.02504)	0.00255 (− 0.00516, 0.01025)	0.01497 (0.00146, 0.02848)	0.0218*	0.71
Combustible Cigarette (n = 39)	No Product (n = 37)	0.02068 (0.01317, 0.02820)	0.00255 (− 0.00516, 0.01025)	0.01814 (0.00464, 0.03164)	0.0027*	0.85
EPEN-12 mg (n = 39)	EPEN-0 mg (n = 38)	0.01950 (0.01199, 0.02702)	0.00487 (− 0.00276, 0.01249)	0.01464 (0.00120, 0.02807)	0.0253*	0.69
EPEN-18 mg (n = 39)	EPEN-0 mg (n = 38)	0.01752 (0.01000, 0.02504)	0.00487 (− 0.00276, 0.01249)	0.01265 (− 0.00084, 0.02614)	0.0776	0.60
Combustible Cigarette (n = 39)	EPEN-0 mg (n = 38)	0.02068 (0.01317, 0.02820)	0.00487 (− 0.00276, 0.01249)	0.01581 (0.00235, 0.02928)	0.0125*	0.74
EPEN-18 mg (n = 39)	EPEN-12 mg (n = 39)	0.01752 (0.01000, 0.02504)	0.01950 (0.01199, 0.02702)	− 0.00199 (− 0.01532, 0.01134)	0.9939	0.09
Combustible Cigarette (n = 39)	EPEN-12 mg (n = 39)	0.02068 (0.01317, 0.02820)	0.01950 (0.01199, 0.02702)	0.00118 (− 0.01215, 0.01451)	0.9992	0.06
Combustible Cigarette (n = 39)	EPEN-18 mg (n = 39)	0.02068 (0.01317, 0.02820)	0.01752 (0.01000, 0.02504)	0.00317 (− 0.01012, 0.01646)	0.9648	0.15

Results obtained using an ANOVA on post-product use results with fixed effects of product, period, sequence and a random effect of subject nested within sequence (*indicates p = < 0.05). Participants with assessments flagged to indicate non-compliance, who also meet the performance outlier threshold (± 1.5 × IQR), have been excluded from the analysis of this data
ANOVA, analysis of variance; IQR, interquartile range
Baseline defined as − 85 to − 45 min pre-product use

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ISSN: 1477-7517

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