Table 2 Patient characteristics, by protocol

Age

37(10)

36(9)

38(11)

Gender

Woman

33 (26%)

16 (30%)

17 (24%)

Man

90 (71%)

38 (70%)

52 (72%)

Non-binary

3 (2%)

0 (0%)

3 (4%)

Race/ethnicity

Black or African American

26 (21%)

10 (19%)

16 (22%)

Latine

20 (16%)

7 (13%)

13 (18%)

White

66 (52%)

31 (57%)

35 (49%)

Other

13 (10%)

6 (11%)

7 (10%)

Unknown or not available

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

Primary insurance

Medicaid

94 (75%)

45 (83%)

49 (68%)

Medicare

8 (6%)

1 (2%)

7 (10%)

Uninsured

8 (6%)

4 (7%)

4 (6%)

Other

16 (13%)

4 (7%)

12 (17%)

Housing status

Stably housed

47 (37%)

18 (33%)

29 (40%)

Transitionally or temporarily housed

44 (35%)

17 (31%)

27 (38%)

Unsheltered

32 (25%)

17 (31%)

15 (21%)

Unknown or not available

3 (2%)

2 (4%)

1 (1%)

Medical and psychiatric history

Chronic pain

33 (26%)

18 (33%)

15 (21%)

Depression

53 (42%)

24 (44%)

29 (40%)

Bipolar disorder

21 (17%)

8 (15%)

13 (18%)

Anxiety disorder (GAD, OCD, PTSD)

56 (44%)

21 (39%)

35 (49%)

ADD/ADHD

17 (13%)

5 (9%)

12 (17%)

Psychosis

25 (20%)

6 (11%)

19 (26%)

Substance co-use in the past 3 months

Alcohol

24 (19%)

9 (17%)

15 (21%)

Benzodiazepine

28 (22%)

12 (22%)

16 (22%)

Amphetamines

93 (74%)

35 (65%)

58 (81%)

Cocaine

37 (29%)

22 (41%)

15 (21%)

Opioid use in the past 3 months in addition to fentanyl

Opioid pills

2 (2%)

0 (0%)

2 (3%)

Heroin

31 (25%)

12 (22%)

19 (26%)

Primary route of opioid use in past 3 months

Injection (IV/IM)

13 (10%)

6 (11%)

7 (10%)

Inhaled (smoked)

99 (79%)

41 (76%)

58 (81%)

Intranasal (snorted)

5 (4%)

2 (4%)

3 (4%)

Unknown or not available

9 (7%)

5 (9%)

4 (6%)

History of drug overdose

83 (66%)

38 (70%)

45 (62%)

Prior buprenorphine treatment

87 (71%)

34 (64%)

53 (76%)