Return Rates for Needle Exchange Programs: A Common Criticism Answered

Table 1 Summary Table of Studies Reporting Return Rates.

Author	Country	Needles Distributed	Needles Returned	Return Rate
Alcabes et al. [28]	Poland/Soviet Union	1,576	670	43%
Barsdley et al. [40]	Canada	77,089	61,430	80%
Doherty et al. [5]	United States	70,574	68,376	97%
Donoghoe [41]	United Kingdom	52,535	42,864	82%
Grob [35]	Switzerland	10,244,369	9,219,932	90%
Gruer et al. [31]	United Kingdom	633,100	715,220	112%
Grund et al. [42]	The Netherlands	57,328	46,610	81%
Guydish et al. [24]	United States	4,239	2,593	61%
Hart et al. [43]	United Kingdom	107,400	82,931	77%
Hay & McKeganey [44]	Scotland	138,982	116,954	84%
Heimer et al. [36]	United States	80,300	56,210	70%
Honti & Ban [45]	Hungary	8,142	6,466	79%
Jacob & Stover [46]	Germany	21,150	20,907	99%
Kaplan et al. [29]	United States	30,429	30,429	100%
Keene & Stimson [47]	United Kingdom	78,813	63,228	80%
Ljunberg et al. [48]	Sweden	5,348	3,665	69%
Nigro et al. [30]	Sicily	376	56	15%
O'Keefe et al. [49]	United States	10,108	9,499	94%
Oliver* [33]	United States	100,000	102,000	102%
Paone et al. [50]	United States	20,083	13,646	68%
Quan et al. [51]	Vietnam	21,495	17,433	81%
Robles et al. [25]	Puerto Rico	146,323	58,529	40%
Sergeyev et al. [34]	Russia	31,020	31,764	102%
Stimson et al. [52]	United Kingdom	24,290	19,106	78%
Vlahov et al. [27]	United States	209	144	69%
Wolk et al. [32]	Australia	6,306	2,608	41%
Overall Results		11,971,584	10,793,270	90%

ISSN: 1477-7517