Table 3 Risk and Protective Factors Related to Adolescent Drug Abuse*
Risk Factors | Protective Factors |
|---|---|
Chaotic home environment | Strong and positive bonds with family |
Parental substance abuse or mental illness | Parental monitoring |
Ineffective parenting | Clear rules of conduct that are consistently enforced within the family |
Affiliations with deviant peers | Involvement of parents in the lives of their children |
Adolescent's perception of approval of drug-using behaviors in family, work, school, peers and community environments | Adoption of conventional norms about drug use |
Lack of nurturing | Bonds with other pro-social institutions such as school, and church |
Failure in school performance | Success in school performance |