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Table 2 RR/OR of IHD/AMI for current (vs. never) snus use – by case fatality a

From: Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health – an updated review based on recent publications

Source

Fatal

Non-fatalb

Ratio fatal to non-fatalc

Haglund et al. ([42])d

1.15 (0.54-2.41)

0.65 (0.40-1.06)

1.77 (0.72-4.31)

Wennberg et al. ([43])e

1.12 (0.38-3.29)

0.73 (0.37-1.42)

1.54 (0.43-5.42)

Huhtasaari et al. ([45])f

1.50 (0.45-5.03)

0.36 (0.15-0.85)

4.22 (0.96-18.64)

Hergens et al. ([46])

1.70 (0.48-5.50)

0.59 (0.25-1.40)

2.88 (0.65-12.82)

Hergens et al. ([38])

1.32 (1.08-1.61)

0.94 (0.83-1.06)

1.40 (1.11-1.77)

Totalg

1.31 (1.09-1.58)

0.89 (0.79-1.00)

1.48 (1.19-1.84)

  1. aRR/ORs are based on data for male never smokers. Adjustment factors are as in Table 1 except where stated.
  2. bFor the first three studies, RR (CI) for non-fatal cases have been estimated from those for fatal cases and for combined fatal and non-fatal cases.
  3. cRR (CI) for the ratio estimated from those for fatal and non-fatal cases.
  4. dEstimates are for current v non-current snus use, based on non-current smokers.
  5. eFatal cases are fatal within 28 days of onset.
  6. fWhereas the results in Table 1 for this study are unadjusted results for non-current smokers comparing current and never snus users, the results in Table 2 are results for non-current smokers comparing ever and never regular snus users with adjustment for hypertension, education, marital status, diabetes, cholesterol and family history of AMI.
  7. gFixed-effects estimates. There was no evidence of heterogeneity; with p = 0.98 for fatal, p = 0.10 for non-fatal and p = 0.55 for the ratio.