No cocktail use | Moderate use | Intensive use | Significancea(χ2, ANOVA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 74.4% x, y | 91.2% x | 94.8% y | χ2 = 16.6, p < .001 |
Age, years | 28.1 (±6.7) | 27.6 (±6.2) z | 29.6 (±6.1) z | F = 3.5, p < .05 |
Currently in OST | 18.6% | 20.6% | 21.3% | χ2 = 0.1, p = .928 |
Education level | ||||
Primary schoolb | 18.6% y | 23.5% | 32.9% y | χ2 = 12.4, p < .05 |
Secondary school | 32.6% y | 48.0% | 43.2% y | |
High school | 48.8% y | 28.4% | 23.9% y | |
Stable living situation | 100.0% | 96.1% | 98.7% | χ2 = 3.2, p = .202 |
Employment | ||||
Working/student | 60.5% | 56.9% | 57.4% | χ2 = 2.8, p = .593 |
Unemployed | 25.6% | 36.3% | 32.9% | |
Household/other | 14.0% | 6.9% | 9.7% | |
Ever injected drugs | 67.4% x, y | 100.0% x | 100.0% y | χ2 = 87.8, p < .001 |
Length of injecting drug use, years | 8.5 (±6.6) | 8.4 (±5.5) | 10.1 (±6.1) | F = 2.9, p = .057 |
Length of cocktail use, yearsc | 7.8 (±6.5) | 8.0 (±5.0) | 9.2 (±5.6) | F = 1.7, p = .191 |
Length of heroin use, years | 9.9 (±6.0) | 11.0 (±6.3) | 12.2 (±6.2) | F = 2.4, p = .090 |
Serious health problems | 4.7% x, y | 20.6% x | 23.2% y | χ2 = 7.4, p < .05 |
HIV positive (among tested) | 26.9% | 24.2% | 38.5% | χ2 = 4.5, p = .108 |
HCV positive (among tested) | 38.9% | 58.3% | 63.9% | χ2 = 3.8, p = .147 |
Co-infection | 18.6% y | 31.4% z | 47.7% y, z | χ2 = 15.0, p < .001 |
Physical health (MAP score, 0–4) | 1.4 (±0.4) | 1.4 (±0.4) | 1.3 (±0.5) | F = 1.5, p = .217 |
Mental health (MAP score, 0–4) | 1.7 (±0.7) | 1.7 (±0.7) z | 2.0 (±0.8) z | F = 4.6, p < .05 |
N | 43 | 102 | 155 |