Self-care and risk reduction habits in older injection drug users with chronic wounds: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Group #1: Older IDUs with chronic wounds compared to younger IDUs without wounds

	A. univariate (N = 79)			B. multivariate^a(N = 71)
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Race
Caucasian	Ref			Ref
African American	17.0	4.5 – 64.1	<0.001*	16.3	1.4 – 190.3	0.026*
Native American	11.8	0.6 – 225.4	0.102	9.3	0.2 – 475.3	0.268
Other	…^b
Housing^c
Unstable	Ref
Stable	8.3	1.0 – 66.8	0.047*	…^d
Medical Care
Emergency room	Ref
Clinic	3.4	1.1 – 10.4	0.035*	…^d
Private doctor	1.1	0.1 – 10.2	0.996
Other	…^b
Exchange site (N = 29)
Site A	Ref			Ref
Site B	7.2	2.0 – 26.3	0.003*	1.5	0.2 – 12.0	0.719
Site C	4.6	1.0 – 21.3	0.053*	17.8	1.2 – 254.5	0.034*
Time injecting drugs (years)
9 – 14	Ref
≥15	10.7	1.3 – 91.5	0.030*	…^d
Participating in drug treatment program
No	Ref
Yes	4.4	1.3 – 14.5	0.016*	…^d
Speedball
Never	Ref
Occasionally	1.2	0.3 – 5.3	0.820	…^d
Everyday	4.2	1.1 – 15.7	0.035*
Injecting into leg
No	Ref			Ref
Yes	10.4	3.1 – 34.7	<0.001*	9.9	1.3 – 73.1	0.024*
Skin-popping
No	Ref
Yes	4.4	1.0 – 19.9	0.055	…^d
Cleaning needle with bleach upon reuse
Water	Ref
Bleach	10.7	1.2 – 93.9	0.033*	…^d
Jail/Prison during last 6 months
No	Ref
Yes	0.07	0.009 – 0.6	0.012*	…^d
Cigarette filters to draw up drug
No	Ref			Ref
Yes	0.1	0.03 – 0.6	0.009*	0.06	0.004 – 0.9	0.039*

Abbreviations: IDUs injection drug users, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
^aVariables with at least one category with p ≤ 0.010 at the univariate level were included in the multivariate model.
^bInsufficient observations for both univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
^cUnstable includes living in a shelter, on the streets, in an abandoned unit, no set place, or multiple. Stable housing includes living in an owned/rented house, subsidized housing, with a friend, other (e.g. transitional house).
^dNot included in multivariate model.
*p ≤ 0.05.

ISSN: 1477-7517