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Table 2 Logistic regression of factors associated with witnessing or knowing someone died from overdose in prison

From: Characteristics of inmates witnessing overdose events in prison: implications for prevention in the correctional setting

 

Witnessed someone suffering an overdose in prison (n = 1,153)a

Know someone dying from an overdose in prison (n = 1,155)b

 

AOR** (95% CI)

p value

AOR** (95% CI)

p value

Gender

    

Female

1.0

-

1.0

-

Male

6.2 (3.9–9.8)

p < 0.001

4.5 (2.8–7.2)

p < 0.001

Age

    

18–24 years

1.0

-

1.0

-

25–35 years

2.4 (1.7–3.4)

p < 0.001

1.5 (1.0–2.1)

p = 0.032

36 or more

2.5 (1.6–3.8)

p < 0.001

1.3 (0.8–1.9)

p = 0.304

Education level

    

9th grade or less

0.7 (0.5–1.2)

p = 0.199

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

p = 0.953

10–12th grade

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

p = 0.886

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

p = 0.973

More than 12th grade

1.0

-

1.0

-

Previous incarcerations

    

First time

1.0

-

1.0

-

1–5 times

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

p = 0.556

1.7 (1.3–2.4)

p = 0.001

More than 5 times

1.6 (1.0–2.7)

p = 0.054

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

p = 0.014

Institution's prevalence of positive urine tests

    

Very high

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

p = 0.681

0.7 (0.4–1.0)

p = 0.058

High

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

p = 0.398

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

p = 0.005

Normal

1.0

-

1.0

-

Unknown

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

p = 0.151

0.5 (0.4–0.8)

p = 0.003

Experienced an overdose (lifetime)

1.4 (0.9–2.3)

p = 0.172

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

p = 0.412

Illicit drug use (lifetime)

0.7 (0.5–1.2)

p = 0.191

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

p = 0.369

Drug injection before entering prison

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

p = 0.514

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

p = 0.663

Drug and alcohol use during this incarceration^

    

None

1.0

-

1.0

-

Only one type of drug or alcohol

3.1 (2.1–4.7)

p < 0.001

2.9 (1.9–4.4)

p < 0.001

Polydrug with/without alcohol

7.1 (4.8–10.4)

p < 0.001

4.2 (2.9–6.1)

p < 0.001

Drug injection in prison*

    

None

1.0

-

1.0

-

Drug injection, no risky behaviors

5.9 (1.4–24.5)

p = 0.014

1.5 (0.6–3.6)

p = 0.353

Drug injection, risky behaviors

1.9 (1.1–3.3)

p = 0.022

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

p = 0.177

  1. a, b Although sample size was 1,179, due to missing values, only participants who responded to these items were included in the analysis.
  2. ^ Drugs included are marihuana, crack, cocaine, heroin, speedball and/or tranquilizers.
  3. *Risky behaviors include sharing needle equipment, not cleaning needle equipment before injecting, reusing water, backloading, doesn't clean skin prior injecting, sharing cooker and cotton and reusing needles.
  4. ** Adjusted Odds Ratio
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517