Table 3 Summary of Sources for Process Themes and Outcomes

Development of a sense of self

Baldwin et al. [44]; de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Motz et al., [18]; Nardi [27–29]; Salmon et al. [43]; Schretzman [39]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30, 31]

Development of personal agency

Baldwin et al. [44]; de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Nardi [28, 29]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30, 31]

Giving and receiving of social support

Baldwin et al. [44]; Howell hasnoff [46]; Kunkel [37]; Motz et al. [18]; Nardi [27–29]; Polanksy et al. [41]; Salmon et al. [43]; Schretzman [39]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30, 31]

Engagement with program staff

de Guzman et al. [40]; Howell hasnoff [46]; Motz et al. [18]; Salmon et al. [43]; Schretzman [39]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30, 31]

Self-disclosure

Baldwin et al. [44]; de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Nardi [27–29]; Polansky et al. [41]; Schretzman [39]; Wong [31]

Recognizing destructiveness patterns

Baldwin et al. [44]; de Guzman et al. [40]; Howell hasnoff [46]; Nardi [27–29]; Kunkel [37]; Salmon et al. [43]; Schretzman [39]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30]

Goal setting

Baldwin et al. [44]; de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]; Wong [31]

Motivating presence of children

Kunkel [37]; Schretzman [39]; Simpson [38] Sword et al. [42]; Wong [30, 31]

Outcomes

Maternal outcomes

de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Schretzman [39]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]

Child outcomes

Sword et al. [42]

Parenting outcomes

de Guzman et al. [40]; Kunkel [37]; Polanksy et al [41]; Simpson [38]; Sword et al. [42]