Skip to main content

Table 2 Age-, gender-, and race-adjusted comparisons for route of drug administration among rural (n = 101) and urban (n = 111) drug users

From: Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids: a comparison of rural and urban drug users

 

Rural

Urban

Adjusted *

 

%

%

P -values

Buprenorphine (sublingual tablets)

50.5

0

---

   Swallowing

31.7

0

---

   Snorting

26.7

0

---

   Injecting

3.0

0

---

Fentanyl (patch)

35.6

0

---

   Swallowing

25.7

0

---

   Snorting

1.0

0

---

   Injecting

14.9

0

---

Hydrocodone (tablets)

90.1

91.9

0.408

   Swallowing

68.3

91.9

0.046

   Snorting

74.3

6.3

< 0.001

   Injecting

0

0

---

Hydromorphone (all formulations)

32.7

4.6

0.001

   Swallowing

6.9

4.5

0.524

   Snorting

5.9

0.9

0.472

   Injecting

21.8

0

---

Methadone (tablets)

77.2

3.6

< 0.001

   Swallowing

27.7

3.6

0.083

   Snorting

64.4

0

---

   Injecting

1.0

0

---

Morphine (all formulations)

53.5

4.6

0.007

   Swallowing

14.9

3.6

0.652

   Snorting

17.8

0.9

0.547

   Injecting

33.7

0

---

OxyContin® (generic/tablets)

86.1

23.6

0.002

   Swallowing

25.7

22.5

0.442

   Snorting

68.3

3.6

< 0.001

   Injecting

44.6

0

---

Other Oxycodone** (tablets)

83.2

50.0

0.374

   Swallowing

31.7

47.7

0.026

   Snorting

68.3

1.8

< 0.001

   Injecting

3.0

0

---

  1. * p-values adjusting for age, race, and gender
  2. ** Includes, for example, Tylox®, Percocet®, and Percodan®