Table 1 Definition of variables used in the models and its descriptive statistic.

C _{t 0}

Current cigarette consumption (ln)

0.789

0.745

0.722

0.746

C _{t- 1}

One lag cigarette consumption (ln)

n.a

0.776

0.748

0.760

C _t+1

One lead cigarette consumption (ln)

0.739

0.717

n.a

0.727

Pc _{t 0}

Current price cigarette (ln)

0.665

0.245

0.168

0.701

Pc _t-1

One lag price cigarette (ln)

n.a

0.669

0.245

0.520

Pc _t+1

One lead price cigarette (ln)

0.246

0.166

n.a

0.526

Pa _{t 0}

Current price alcohol (ln)

1.129

1.076

1.024

1.263

Ln-exp

Monthly per-capita income (ln)

0.863

0.812

0.848

1.004

Working

1 if working, 0 otherwise

0.488

0.498

0.491

0.493

Wall

1 if dwelling wall is brick, 0 otherwise

0.500

0.488

0.474

0.492

Floor

1 if dwelling floor is permanent, 0 otherwise

0.393

0.356

0.316

0.362

Hhown

1 if dwelling is owned, 0 otherwise

0.404

0.382

0.396

0.396

Moslem

1 if Moslem, 0 otherwise

0.349

0.328

0.322

0.335