Table 2 Factors associated with cocaine use: logistic mixed model adjusted for follow-up visit
Occasional cocaine use vs no use | Regular cocaine use vs no use | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of visits (%) or median (IQR) | Number of patients | OR [95 % CI] | p | OR [95 % CI] | p | |
Follow-up | ||||||
M0 | 177 (36.4) | 177 (96.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
M6 | 155 (31.9) | 155 (84.7) | 0.35 (0.15–0.82) | 0.02 | 0.41 (0.16–1.01) | 0.05 |
M12 | 154 (31.7) | 154 (84.2) | 0.28 (0.12–0.69) | 0.01 | 0.35 (0.14–0.90) | 0.03 |
Methadone induction arm | ||||||
Specialized centers | 130 (20.5) | 43 (23.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary care | 503 (79.5) | 141 (76.6) | 0.87 (0.28–2.69) | 0.80 | 1.28 (0.37–4.40) | 0.70 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 411 (84.6) | 154 (84.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 75 (15.4) | 29 (15.8) | 0.49 (0.12–2.10) | 0.33 | 1.10 (0.29–4.23) | 0.89 |
Agea | 32 (27–39) | 0.89 (0.46–1.73) | 0.74 | 1.03 (0.52–2.02) | 0.94 | |
Employed | ||||||
No | 131 (41.7) | 99 (56.9) | 1 | |||
Yes | 183 (58.3) | 122 (70.1) | 1.02 (0.43–2.39) | 0.97 | 0.52 (0.21–1.30) | 0.16 |
Home owner or renter | ||||||
No | 107 (34.1) | 76 (43.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 207 (65.9) | 128 (73.6) | 0.77 (0.31–1.92) | 0.57 | 0.33 (0.13–0.86) | 0.02 |
Previous drug overdose | ||||||
No | 429 (88.3) | 161 (88.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 57 (11.7) | 22 (12.0) | 2.07 (0.51–8.33) | 0.31 | 2.30 (0.55–9.57) | 0.25 |
History of drug injection | ||||||
No | 244 (51.6) | 88 (50.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 229 (48.4) | 86 (49.4) | 1.99 (0.75–5.30) | 0.17 | 3.98 (1.39–11.37) | 0.01 |
Age at first drug usea | 18 (17–21) | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 0.12 | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 0.03 | |
Methadone dose >60 mg | ||||||
No | 305 (66.7) | 164 (92.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 152 (33.3) | 84 (47.5) | 1.37 (0.51–3.68) | 0.54 | 0.82 (0.29–2.32) | 0.71 |
Perceiving methadone dose to be too low | ||||||
No | 265 (94.3) | 151 (96.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 16 (5.7) | 13 (8.3) | 1.23 (0.08–18.09) | 0.88 | 6.06 (0.68–53.78) | 0.11 |
Depressive symptomsb | ||||||
No | 310 (68.3) | 142 (81.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 144 (31.7) | 86 (49.4) | 2.12 (0.88–5.11) | 0.09 | 4.32 (1.71–10.92) | 0.002 |
Risk of suicidec | ||||||
No | 279 (72.7) | 133 (81.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 105 (27.3) | 69 (42.1) | 1.62 (0.68–3.86) | 0.28 | 3.93 (1.59–9.76) | 0.003 |
ADHD symptoms | ||||||
No | 304 (79.0) | 148 (89.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 81 (21.0) | 59 (35.8) | 1.48 (0.55–4.01) | 0.44 | 6.17 (2.34–16.22) | <0.001 |
At least 1 withdrawal symptom | ||||||
No | 296 (72.0) | 148 (87.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 115 (28.0) | 103 (60.6) | 1.42 (0.52–3.89) | 0.50 | 1.51 (0.52–4.38) | 0.45 |
Alcohol dependenced | ||||||
No | 274 (88.1) | 157 (91.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 37 (11.9) | 27 (15.7) | 3.08 (0.88–10.80) | 0.08 | 4.10 (1.15–14.61) | 0.03 |
Opiate injectione | ||||||
No | 414 (91.4) | 164 (95.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 39 (8.6) | 24 (13.8) | 6.06 (1.29–28.44) | 0.02 | 12.42 (2.72–56.61) | 0.001 |