Table 4 Values, notes and sources for variables used to predict savings from averted overdose deaths

Percent overdose death reduction within 500 m attributed to Insite (r)

25.7%

36% reduction within 500 m of Insite vs. 9.3% further away

Marshall et al. [46]

Largest share of naloxone administrations within 500-m radius in Baltimore (n)

5%

Lowered from 6.2% to account for reversion to mean based on limited years of data

BCFD [97]

Annual Baltimore overdose deaths (D)

463

Heroin-related overdose deaths in first three quarters of 2016 extrapolated to full year

DHMH [1, 47]

Estimated value per overdose death averted (V)

$503,869

Calculated by authors using the variables below.

Average years until retirement (N)

30

Assuming retirement age of 65

Genberg et al. [49]

Median wage for Baltimore City (W)

$25,707

Census Bureau [98]

Discount rate (r)

3%

Andresen and Boyd [44]