Table 2 Bivariable and multivariable associations with having witnessed three or more overdoses among individuals injecting drugs in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, n = 1673
Characteristic | OR | (95% CI) | p value | AORa | (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education | ||||||
High school or more | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
No high school | 0.66 | (0.55–0.81) | < 0.01 | 0.70 | (0.57–0.86) | < 0.01 |
Marital status | ||||||
Not married or living with a partner | 1.00 | |||||
Married or living with partner | 0.88 | (0.73–1.07) | 0.20 | |||
Employment Status | ||||||
Less than full-time | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Full-time | 0.75 | (0.60–0.93) | 0.01 | 0.84 | (0.66–1.06) | 0.1313 |
Spent the night outside in the past 3 months | ||||||
Did not spend the night outside | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Spent the night outside | 2.17 | (1.65–2.87) | < 0.01 | 1.77 | (1.31–2.40) | < 0.01 |
Lifetime history of incarcerationb | ||||||
No history of incarceration | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
History of incarceration | 1.64 | (1.34–2.01) | < 0.01 | 1.33 | (1.07–1.65) | 0.101 |
Lifetime history of drug treatment | ||||||
No history of drug treatment | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
History of drug treatment | 1.75 | (1.42–2.16) | < 0.01 | 1.41 | (1.12–1.77) | < 0.01 |
Non-fatal overdose | ||||||
No recent non-fatal overdose | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Recent non-fatal overdose | 4.30 | (2.70–6.86) | < 0.01 | 3.84 | (2.36–6.25) | < 0.01 |
Drug injecting frequency | ||||||
No daily injecting of drugs | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Daily injecting of drugs | 2.07 | (1.70–2.52) | < 0.01 | 1.79 | (1.45–2.20) | < 0.01 |
Needling purchasing behavior | ||||||
Did not purchase at a pharmacy | 1.00 | |||||
Purchased at a pharmacyc | 0.91 | (0.69–1.21) | 0.52 | |||
Receptive needle sharing behavior | ||||||
Did not share needles | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Shared needles | 1.45 | (1.18–1.78) | < 0.01 | 1.30 | (1.04–1.63) | 0.02 |
Lifetime number of years injecting | ||||||
Years of injecting | 1.07 | (1.04–1.09) | < 0.01 | 1.04 | (1.02–1.07) | < 0.01 |