Options for reducing HIV transmission related to the dead space in needles and syringes

Table 2 The effects of syringe design, barrel capacity, needle length, and needle gauge on dead space in needle and syringe combinations

	Linear regression			Multiple linear regression of all syringes			Multiple linear regression of high dead space syringes (HDS) with HDS needles only
Variable	β ^a	R ²	p value	β	R² change	p value	β	R² change	p value
Syringe design^b	0.877	0.769	< 0.001	0.797	0.769	< 0.001
Barrel capacity (mL)	0.512	0.262	< 0.001	0.272	0.060	< 0.001	0.537	0.262	< 0.001
Needle length (mm)	0.195	0.038	0.001	0.112	0.001	0.014	0.215	0.013	0.044
Needle gauge (mm)	0.211	0.044	< 0.001	− 0.109	0.002	0.036	− 0.196	< 0.001	0.022

^aCoding for syringe design: low dead space syringe with permanently attached needle = 0; high dead space syringe with high dead space needle = 1
^bβ = standardized regression coefficient

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