Problem gambling and psychological distress: a cross-national perspective on the mediating effect of consumer debt and debt problems among emerging adults

Table 6 Alternative generalized structural equation models using SOGS-M for problem gambling, regression coefficients and standard errors (SE), and statistical significances (p)

	Study 1			Study 2			Study 3
	Finland nationwide			Finland social media			US nationwide
	Coeff.	SE	p	Coeff.	SE	p	Coeff.	SE	p
Psychological distress
Instant loans	1.33	0.65	0.042	2.80	1.32	0.033	− 1.46	0.70	0.037
Debt problems	− 0.81	1.01	0.421	− 1.29	1.78	0.471	2.55	0.52	0.000
Problem gambling (SOGS-M)	0.39	0.10	0.000	0.29	0.24	0.228	0.46	0.11	0.000
Consumer debt
Problem gambling (SOGS-M)	0.29	0.04	0.000	0.49	0.08	0.000	0.10	0.04	0.016
Debt problems
Instant loans	3.52	0.39	0.000	2.42	0.64	0.000	1.12	0.21	0.000
Problem gambling (SOGS-M)	0.12	0.06	0.054	0.09	0.09	0.299	0.24	0.04	0.000
Indirect effect (consumer debt)	0.38	0.20	0.049	1.38	0.69	0.045	− 0.15	0.10	0.115
Indirect effect (debt problems)	− 0.10	0.13	0.457	− 0.12	0.20	0.554	0.61	0.15	0.000
Model n	985			205			883
AIC	7452.96			1691.49			7582.09
BIC	7501.89			1724.72			7629.92

ISSN: 1477-7517