Table 2 Participant characteristics and modified logistic regression associations with willingness to engage in prison-based take-home naloxone training among incarcerated men who reported regular injecting drug use immediately prior to incarceration
Variable | No. (%) (n = 377) | Yes to P-THN1 (%) | p > |z| | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
Age | |||||
< 35 years old | 177 (47) | 138 (78) | 1 | – | |
35+ years old | 200 (53) | 166 (83) | 0.218 | 1.38 (0.83–2.30) | – |
Age of first IDU | |||||
< 18 years old | 214 (57) | 180 (84) | 1 | – | |
18+ years old | 163 (43) | 124 (76) | 0.052 | 0.60 (0.36–1.00) | – |
Education | |||||
Did not complete high school | 309 (82) | 246 (80) | 1 | – | |
Completed high school2 | 68 (18) | 58 (85) | 0.285 | 1.49 (0.72–3.07) | – |
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | |||||
No | 314 (83) | 251 (80) | 1 | – | |
Yes | 63 (17) | 53 (84) | 0.444 | 1.33 (0.64–2.76) | – |
Accommodation before prison | |||||
Metropolitan | 206 (55) | 177 (86) | 1 | 1 | |
Regional | 161 (43) | 120 (75) | 0.006 | 0.48 (0.28–0.81) | 0.57 (0.30–1.08) |
Other3 | 10 (3) | 7 (70) | 0.181 | 0.38 (0.09–1.56) | 0.46 (0.09–2.25) |
Drug and alcohol | |||||
Years since first injection | |||||
< 10 years | 78 (21) | 55 (71) | 1 | 1 | |
10+ years | 299 (79) | 249 (83) | 0.012 | 2.08 (1.17–3.70) | 2.22 (1.03–4.77) |
Ever overdosed on opioids | |||||
No | 157 (42) | 114 (73) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 220 (58) | 190 (86) | 0.001 | 2.39 (1.42–4.02) | 1.35 (0.72–2.54) |
Witnessed an opioid overdose in last 5 years | |||||
No | 142 (38) | 101 (71) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 235 (62) | 203 (86) | 0 | 2.58 (1.53–4.33) | 2.53 (1.32–4.82) |
Used heroin in the month before prison (any route) | |||||
No | 165 (44) | 124 (75) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 212 (56) | 180 (85) | 0.018 | 1.86 (1.11–3.12) | 0.95 (0.49–1.83) |
Used illicit benzodiazepines in the month before prison | |||||
No | 262 (70) | 206 (79) | 1 | – | |
Yes | 115 (31) | 98 (85) | 0.138 | 1.57 (0.87–2.84) | – |
Daily alcohol use in the month before prison (28+ days) | |||||
No | 300 (80) | 237 (79) | 1 | – | |
Yes | 77 (20) | 67 (87) | 0.116 | 1.78 (0.87–3.66) | – |
Prison | |||||
Length of sentence | |||||
< 204 days | 186 (50) | 137 (74) | 1 | 1 | |
204+ days | 186 (50) | 163 (88) | 0.001 | 2.53 (1.47–4.37) | 1.27 (0.65–2.48) |
Number of previous incarcerations | |||||
< 5 incarcerations | 164 (44) | 118 (72) | 1 | 1 | |
5+ incarcerations | 213 (56) | 186 (87) | 0 | 2.69 (1.58–4.55) | 1.83 (0.96–3.46) |
AOD treatment in the community—ever | |||||
No | 118 (31) | 90 (76) | 1 | – | |
Yes | 259 (69) | 214 (83) | 0.149 | 1.48 (0.87–2.52) | – |
AOD Treatment in prison—ever | |||||
No | 92 (24) | 58 (63) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 285 (76) | 246 (86) | 0 | 3.70 (2.15–6.36) | 2.41 (1.14–5.07) |
AOD treatment in prison—this sentence | |||||
No | 197 (52) | 150 (76) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 180 (48) | 154 (86) | 0.022 | 1.86 (1.09–3.15) | 1.15 (0.54–2.48) |
Worried about substance use upon release from prison | |||||
Not worried | 130 (34) | 99 (76) | 1 | 1 | |
A little worried | 150 (40) | 120 (80) | 0.437 | 1.25 (0.71–2.21) | 0.76 (0.38–1.50) |
Very worried | 97 (26) | 85 (88) | 0.032 | 2.22 (1.07–4.59) | 1.55 (0.66–3.67) |
Injected drugs in prison during this sentence | |||||
No | 191 (51) | 147 (77) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 126 (33) | 119 (94) | 0 | 5.09 (2.21–11.71) | 4.45 (1.73–11.43) |
Declined to answer | 60 (16) | 38 (63) | 0.038 | 0.52 (0.28–0.96) | 0.37 (0.18–0.77) |