Smokeless tobacco mortality risks: an analysis of two contemporary nationally representative longitudinal mortality studies

Table 3 Risk estimates calculated for heart failure and ischemic heart disease among current exclusive SLT users

Cause of Death (ICD-10 Codes)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)^a [number of deaths]
Cause of Death (ICD-10 Codes)	NLMS (1863 observations)	NHIS (1561 observations)
Diseases of the heart (I00-09, I11, I13, I20-51)	1.07 (0.65–1.75) [22]	1.20 (0.91–1.58) [114]
Heart failure (I50)	1.13 (0.28–4.62) [2]	2.75 (1.55–4.89)^b [21]
Ischemic heart disease (I20-25)	0.95 (0.49–1.83) [14]	1.06 (0.75–1.49) [79]

^aThe reference group comprised individuals who never used tobacco (according to survey defined parameters)
^bItalicized risk estimates denote a statistically significant difference between the test group noted and a no-tobacco reference group

ISSN: 1477-7517