From: Mortality among male smokers and smokeless tobacco users in the USA
Never tobacco users | Never smokers | Current smokers | Former smokers | All | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current ST users | Former ST users | Never + former ST users | Current ST users | Never + former ST users | Current ST users | |||
Age in year [standard deviation] | 54.3 [11.0] | 54.0 [11.8] | 54.4 [12.0] | 53.0 [9.7] | 52.5 [10.4] | 59.3 [11.0] | 58.8 [11.2] | 55.9 [11.1] |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 69.7 | 84.8 | 82.1 | 71.7 | 84.4 | 8 | 91.8 | 74.8 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 12.3 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 16.3 | 11.8 | 9.1 | 5.6 | 12.0 |
Other race | 18.0 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 12.0 | 3.8 | 10.9 | 2.6 | 13.2 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | 13.0 | 9.6 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 10.3 |
Married | 66.7 | 65.1 | 67.9 | 53.1 | 56.5 | 69.8 | 69.5 | 64.4 |
Divorced/separated | 16.1 | 19.7 | 17.5 | 28.9 | 31.2 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 19.6 |
Widowed | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 5.7 |
Educational attainment | ||||||||
Less than high school | 14.9 | 33.0 | 18.3 | 25.6 | 39.7 | 21.0 | 38.7 | 20.7 |
High school | 26.7 | 32.2 | 29.1 | 37.0 | 30.4 | 31.4 | 34.4 | 31.2 |
Some college | 20.8 | 18.5 | 23.4 | 22.9 | 20.6 | 22.4 | 16.4 | 21.8 |
College and higher | 37.7 | 16.3 | 29.3 | 14.4 | 9.3 | 25.2 | 10.5 | 26.2 |
Family income | ||||||||
$0–24,999 | 26.3 | 34.8 | 25.9 | 37.9 | 41.7 | 31.0 | 39.4 | 31.4 |
$25,000–34,999 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 11.1 | 10.7 | 10.3 |
$35,000–$54,999 | 22.4 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 21.6 | 19.6 | 25.2 | 20.3 | 23.0 |
$55,000–74,999 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 5.1 |
$75,000+ | 12.1 | 6.8 | 14.8 | 5.7 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 4.4 | 8.9 |
Missing income | 7.2 | 10.3 | 6.5 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 7.9 |
Self-reported health | ||||||||
Excellent | 32.8 | 23.5 | 25.3 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 25.3 | 16.3 | 26.2 |
Very good | 30.8 | 28.8 | 33.1 | 27.0 | 19.6 | 28.1 | 26.5 | 28.7 |
Good | 25.0 | 28.1 | 27.8 | 30.1 | 33.9 | 28.1 | 28.4 | 27.6 |
Fair | 8.4 | 13.4 | 9.9 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 13.2 | 16.7 | 12.3 |
Poor | 2.9 | 6.3 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 10.1 | 5.3 | 12.1 | 5.1 |
BMI categories | ||||||||
Normal weight | 28.3 | 21.7 | 18.8 | 38.0 | 40.5 | 26.0 | 23.8 | 29.7 |
Underweight | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Overweight | 45.8 | 47.1 | 50.6 | 40.8 | 37.2 | 48.3 | 46.3 | 45.4 |
Obese | 21.3 | 26.9 | 26.4 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 22.6 | 26.1 | 20.7 |
Missing BMI | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.7 |
Region | ||||||||
Northeast | 20.7 | 7.0 | 12.4 | 18.2 | 6.0 | 20.8 | 8.8 | 19.5 |
South | 33.0 | 55.7 | 38.6 | 36.7 | 57.3 | 32.7 | 54.9 | 34.8 |
Midwest | 23.3 | 24.1 | 27.0 | 25.1 | 24.1 | 24.4 | 25.1 | 24.2 |
West | 23.1 | 13.2 | 22.1 | 2 | 12.6 | 22.1 | 11.3 | 21.5 |
Observations | 15,540 | 584 | 526 | 11,551 | 398 | 16,663 | 842 | 46,104 |