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Table 2 Factors associated with smokers’ likelihood of reporting past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking at the 6-month assessment

From: Factors associated with past 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking in adult established smokers who used a JUUL vaporizer for 6 months

 

Unadjusted

Model 1 adjusted

Model 2 adjusted

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 2

Predictor variable

% P30A

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Sex

 Male

55.7

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Female

52.1

0.87 (0.80–0.94)**

0.96 (0.86–1.07)

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

 Transgender

52.8

0.89 (0.52–1.53)

0.82 (0.42–1.59)

0.82 (0.42–1.59)

0.87 (0.45–1.67)

0.87 (0.45–1.67)

Age

 21–24

61.7

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 25–34

52.9

0.70 (0.63–0.77)***

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

0.96 (0.82–1.13)

 35–44

47.2

0.56 (0.49–0.63)***

1.00 (0.79–1.25)

1.00 (0.80–1.25)

1.00 (0.80–1.25)

1.00 (0.80–1.25)

 45–54

46.2

0.53 (0.46–0.62)***

1.09 (0.82–1.46)

1.10 (0.83–1.47)

1.10 (0.83–1.46)

1.10 (0.82–1.46)

 55–64

53.5

0.71 (0.59–0.87)**

0.9 (0.62–1.3)

0.91 (0.63–1.32)

0.91 (0.63–1.31)

0.91 (0.63–1.31)

 ≥ 65

31.9

0.29 (0.19–0.45)***

0.72 (0.39–1.36)

0.72 (0.38–1.36)

0.72 (0.38–1.35)

0.72 (0.38–1.34)

Race/ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic, White alone

53.0

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Non-Hispanic, Black alone

58.5

1.25 (0.94–1.66)

1.38 (0.97–1.95)

1.38 (0.97–1.96)

1.35 (0.96–1.92)

1.36 (0.96–1.92)

 Non-Hispanic, Others§

53.1

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

0.95 (0.81–1.11)

0.95 (0.81–1.11)

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

 Hispanic†

59.1

1.28 (1.10–1.49)**

1.08 (0.90–1.29)

1.07 (0.90–1.29)

1.07 (0.89–1.28)

1.06 (0.89–1.28)

Education

 Not HS graduate

52.4

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 GED

57.5

1.23 (0.88–1.71)

1.55 (1.03–2.34)*

1.56 (1.03–2.35)*

1.58 (1.05–2.37)*

1.58 (1.05–2.38)*

 HS graduate

59.4

1.33 (1.01–1.75)*

1.09 (0.78–1.53)

1.10 (0.79–1.54)

1.10 (0.79–1.54)

1.10 (0.79–1.54)

 Some college or associate’s degree

52.5

1.01 (0.77–1.31)

0.96 (0.70–1.33)

0.97 (0.70–1.33)

0.96 (0.70–1.33)

0.97 (0.70–1.33)

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

51.9

0.98 (0.75–1.28)

0.90 (0.65–1.25)

0.90 (0.65–1.26)

0.92 (0.66–1.27)

0.92 (0.66–1.27)

Household income

 < $25,000

54.8

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 $25,000 to $74,999

54.5

0.99 (0.88–1.11)

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

1.08 (0.94–1.24)

1.08 (0.94–1.24)

 ≥ $75,000

53.1

0.93 (0.83–1.05)

1.10 (0.94–1.29)

1.10 (0.94–1.29)

1.12 (0.95–1.30)

1.12 (0.95–1.31)

US census region

 Northeast

51.5

0.75 (0.66–0.86)***

0.84 (0.71–0.99)*

0.83 (0.70–0.99)*

0.84 (0.71–1.00)*

0.84 (0.71–1.00)*

 South

54.7

0.85 (0.76–0.97)*

0.97 (0.83–1.13)

0.96 (0.83–1.13)

0.97 (0.83–1.13)

0.97 (0.83–1.13)

 Midwest

52.5

0.78 (0.69–0.90)***

0.84 (0.71–0.99)*

0.84 (0.71–0.99)*

0.85 (0.72–1.00)

0.85 (0.72–1.00)

 West

58.5

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Age of first smoking

 ≤ 11 years

51.8

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 12 to 14 years

46.4

0.80 (0.63–1.03)

0.74 (0.54–1.00)

0.73 (0.54–1.00)*

0.74 (0.55–1.01)

0.74 (0.55–1.01)

 15 to 17 years

52.4

1.02 (0.81–1.29)

0.80 (0.59–1.07)

0.79 (0.59–1.07)

0.81 (0.60–1.08)

0.80 (0.60–1.08)

 18 to 24 years

60.4

1.42 (1.12–1.80)**

0.91 (0.67–1.23)

0.90 (0.66–1.22)

0.91 (0.67–1.24)

0.91 (0.67–1.24)

 ≥ 25 years

56.3

1.19 (0.82–1.74)

0.89 (0.53–1.48)

0.89 (0.53–1.50)

0.86 (0.52–1.44)

0.86 (0.52–1.44)

Lifetime years of smoking

 ≤ 1 year

67.1

2.54 (2.13–3.03)***

1.99 (1.44–2.77)***

2.00 (1.44–2.77)***

2.00 (1.44–2.77)***

2.00 (1.44–2.77)***

 1–5 years

62.0

2.03 (1.79–2.31)***

1.62 (1.23–2.13)**

1.63 (1.24–2.14)**

1.63 (1.24–2.14)***

1.63 (1.24–2.14)***

 6–10 years

52.7

1.38 (1.21–1.58)***

1.27 (0.99–1.63)

1.28 (0.99–1.64)

1.27 (0.99–1.63)

1.27 (0.99–1.62)

 11–20 years

46.4

1.08 (0.94–1.23)

1.16 (0.94–1.44)

1.16 (0.94–1.44)

1.16 (0.94–1.43)

1.16 (0.94–1.43)

 ≥ 20 years

44.6

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Number of smoking days in 30 days prior to baseline

 1–9 days

67.3

2.48 (2.17–2.83)***

2.37 (1.97–2.85)***

2.38 (1.98–2.87)***

2.36 (1.96–2.83)***

2.36 (1.96–2.83)***

 10–19 days

66.5

2.39 (2.09–2.74)***

2.15 (1.79–2.57)***

2.15 (1.80–2.58)***

2.15 (1.80–2.58)***

2.15 (1.80–2.58)***

 20–29 days

58.4

1.69 (1.52–1.88)***

1.49 (1.30–1.71)***

1.50 (1.30–1.72)***

1.49 (1.30–1.71)***

1.49 (1.30–1.72)***

 30 days

45.3

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Cigarettes smoked per day at baseline

 1–9 cigarettes per day

61.0

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 10–19 cigarettes per day

48.4

0.60 (0.55–0.66)***

0.87 (0.76–0.99)*

0.87 (0.77–1.00)*

0.87 (0.77–1.00)*

0.87 (0.77–1.00)*

 ≥ 20 cigarettes per day

42.8

0.48 (0.43–0.54)***

0.78 (0.66–0.92)**

0.78 (0.66–0.92)**

0.79 (0.67–0.93)**

0.79 (0.67–0.93)**

Number of days of JUUL use in past 30 days (at 6 months)

 1–9 days

40.6

0.45 (0.38–0.52)***

0.38 (0.31–0.45)***

0.38 (0.31–0.45)***

0.36 (0.30–0.43)***

0.36 (0.30–0.43)***

 10–19 days

40.4

0.44 (0.39–0.51)***

0.39 (0.33–0.46)***

0.39 (0.33–0.46)***

0.38 (0.32–0.44)***

0.38 (0.32–0.44)***

 20–29 days

47.5

0.59 (0.53–0.67)***

0.45 (0.39–0.52)***

0.45 (0.39–0.52)***

0.44 (0.38–0.51)***

0.44 (0.38–0.51)***

 30 days

60.4

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Current use of an e-cigarette other than JUUL

 Yes

46.6

0.71 (0.63–0.81)***

0.80 (0.67–0.95)*

0.79 (0.67–0.95)*

0.80 (0.67–0.95)*

0.80 (0.67–0.95)*

 No

55.0

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Place of first JUUL purchase

 Retail store

59.0

1.45 (1.34–1.58)***

1.22 (1.08–1.37)**

1.24 (0.89–1.74)

1.23 (1.10–1.38)***

1.35 (0.93–1.95)

 JUUL website

49.8

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Bought JUUL SK “to help me quit smoking”

 Yes

54.4

1.10 (0.98–1.23)

1.46 (1.26–1.68)***

1.46 (1.26–1.69)***

1.47 (1.27–1.70)***

1.47 (1.27–1.70)***

 No

52.1

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 6 months)

 Virginia tobacco

47.0

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Mint

59.5

1.66 (1.41–1.94)***

1.45 (1.20–1.76)***

1.51 (1.19–1.91)**

NI

NI

 Mango

58.7

1.60 (1.37–1.87)***

1.39 (1.15–1.67)***

1.44 (1.15–1.82)**

NI

NI

 Crème

45.2

0.93 (0.73–1.18)

0.96 (0.73–1.27)

1.05 (0.74–1.49)

NI

NI

 Fruit

48.7

1.07 (0.81–1.41)

1.30 (0.94–1.81)

1.34 (0.89–2.04)

NI

NI

 Cucumber

49.4

1.10 (0.86–1.41)

0.91 (0.68–1.22)

0.80 (0.55–1.15)

NI

NI

 Classic tobacco

31.8

0.52 (0.37–0.74)***

0.82 (0.54–1.24)

0.79 (0.48–1.31)

NI

NI

 Menthol

46.7

0.99 (0.77–1.26)

1.01 (0.75–1.36)

1.01 (0.70–1.46)

NI

NI

 Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primary

50.6

1.16 (0.98–1.36)

1.06 (0.87–1.29)

0.99 (0.77–1.28)

NI

NI

JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 6 months)

 Only used JUUL tobacco flavors∆

43.1

Ref.

NI

NI

Ref.

Ref.

 Only used JUUL characterizing flavors^

56.3

1.70 (1.47–1.98)***

NI

NI

1.37 (1.14–1.65)**

1.41 (1.13–1.75)**

 Used flavors from both tobacco and categories

47.1

1.18 (0.98–1.41)

NI

NI

0.98 (0.79–1.22)

1.03 (0.79–1.35)

Interaction term: primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 6 months) × place of first JUUL purchase

 Virginia tobacco × retail

   

Ref.

NI

NI

 Mint × retail

–

–

–

0.92 (0.62–1.37)

NI

NI

 Mango × retail

–

–

–

0.91 (0.62–1.35)

NI

NI

 Crème × retail

–

–

–

0.78 (0.44–1.40)

NI

NI

 Fruit × retail

–

–

–

0.93 (0.48–1.81)

NI

NI

 Cucumber × retail

–

–

–

1.42 (0.77–2.62)

NI

NI

 Classic tobacco × retail

–

–

–

1.12 (0.45–2.76)

NI

NI

 Menthol × retail

–

–

–

0.99 (0.54–1.83)

NI

NI

 Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primary × retail

–

–

–

1.13 (0.75–1.70)

NI

NI

Interaction term: JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 6 months) × place of first JUUL purchase

 Only JUUL tobacco flavors × retail

–

–

NI

NI

–

Ref.

 Only JUUL characterizing flavors × retail

–

–

NI

NI

–

0.92 (0.62–1.35)

 Both flavor categories and tobacco × retail

–

–

NI

NI

–

0.86 (0.54–1.36)

  1. Model 1: N = 6585, χ2 = 744.631, df = 46, p < 0.001
  2. Model 2: N = 6591, χ2 = 727.121, df = 40, p < 0.001
  3. *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.010; * p < 0.050
  4. Abbreviations: P30A past 30-day abstinence from smoking at the 6-month assessment, aOR adjusted odds ratio, HS high school, CPD cigarettes smoked per day, PI Pacific Islander, NI not included in the logistic regression model
  5. Unadjusted ORs were estimated using only the relevant variable as the predictor variable
  6. §Includes Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Guamanian, Chamorro, Samoan, and multiple races
  7. †Includes Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and “other Hispanic” ethnicity
  8. ∆JUUL tobacco flavors include “Virginia tobacco” and “classic tobacco”
  9. ^JUUL characterizing flavors include “mint,” “mango,” “crème,” “fruit,” “cucumber,” and “menthol”
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