Table 2 Comparison of injecting and other Risk characteristics by HCV Infection among PWID in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Variable | Category | n (%) | HCV infection | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | ||||
Age at first injection | ≤ 15 | 57 (9.33) | 12 (21.05) | 45 (78.95) | 0.334 |
16–18 | 79 (12.93) | 15 (18.99) | 64 (81.01) | ||
> 18 | 475 (77.74) | 69 (14.71) | 400 (85.29) | ||
Duration of injection (years) | < 1 | 47 (7.69) | 3 (6.38) | 44 (93.62) | |
1–3 | 108 (17.68) | 13 (12.26) | 93 (87.74) | 0.034 | |
4–6 | 117 (19.15) | 13 (11.21) | 103 (88.79) | ||
7–9 | 79 (12.44) | 16 (21.33) | 59 (78.67) | ||
10+ | 263 (43.04) | 51 (19.54) | 210 (80.46) | ||
Injection past month, how often | Once/day | 19 (3.11) | 1 (5.26) | 18 (94.74) | |
> 1 per day | 468 (76.60) | 78 (16.85) | 385 (83.15) | 0.506 | |
Once/week | 50 (8.18) | 7 (14.29) | 42 (85.71) | ||
> 1 per week | 74 (12.11) | 10 (13.51) | 64 (86.49) | ||
Access to clean needle when needed | Yes | 429 (70.21) | 62 (14.55) | 355 (85.45) | 0.042 |
No | 182 (29.79) | 34 (18.99) | 154 (81.01) | ||
Flash blood past month* | Yes | 28 (4.58) | 2 (7.41) | 25 (92.59) | 0.218 |
No | 583 (95.42) | 94 (16.26) | 484 (83.74) | ||
Ever shared needle | Yes | 253 (41.41) | 41 (16.47) | 208 (83.53) | 0.736 |
No | 358 (58.59) | 55 (15.45) | 301 (84.55) | ||
Shared needle past month | Yes | 173 (68.38) | 33 (18.33) | 147 (81.67) | 0.007 |
No | 80 (31.62) | 8 (11.59) | 61 (88.41) | ||
Cleaned needle last time shared | Yes | 57 (32.95) | 3 (6.00) | 47 (94.00) | 0.026 |
No | 116 (69.05) | 38 (19.10) | 161 (80.90) | ||
On opioid treatment Program | Yes | 40 (6.55) | 14 (35.90) | 25 (64.10) | < 0.001 |
No | 571 (93.45) | 82 (14.49) | 484 (85.51) | ||
Ever sold sex | Yes | 422 (69.07) | 70 (16.71) | 349 (83.29) | 0.397 |
No | 189 (30.93) | 26 (13.98) | 160 (86.02) | ||
Sold sex past month | Yes | 203 (48.10) | 30 (14.85) | 172 (85.15) | 0.326 |
No | 219 (51.90) | 40 (18.43) | 177 (81.57) | ||
Condom use last paid sex | Yes | 61 (30.05) | 5 (8.20) | 56 (91.80) | 0.080 |
No | 142 (69.95) | 25 (17.73) | 116 (82.27) | ||
Ever beaten past year | Yes | 227 (37.15) | 34 (15.11) | 191 (84.89) | 0.695 |
No | 384 (62.85) | 62 (16.32) | 318 (83.68) | ||
Forced sex past year | Yes | 91 (14.89) | 10 (11.11) | 80 (88.89) | 0.181 |
No | 520 (85.11) | 86 (16.70) | 429 (83.30) | ||
Ever arrested past year | Yes | 358 (58.59) | 49 (19.52) | 202 (80.48) | 0.038 |
No | 253 (41.41) | 47 (13.28) | 307 (86.72) | ||
Comprehensive HIV knowledge | Yes | 225 (36.82) | 34 (15.18) | 190 (84.82) | 0.722 |
No | 386 (63.18) | 62 (16.27) | 319 (83.73) | ||
Risk perception | No or low | 201 (32.90) | 31 (15.50) | 169 (84.50) | 0.662 |
Moderate | 92 (15.06) | 17 (19.10) | 72 (80.90) | ||
High | 318 (52.05) | 48 (15.19) | 268 (84.81) | ||