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Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics, substance-related data and forensic data among the study population. Percentages

From: Investigating opioid-related fatalities in southern Sweden: contact with care-providing authorities and comparison of substances

 

Methadone (n = 82) (reference)

Buprenorphine (n = 30)

Heroin (n = 40)

Fentanyl (n = 28)

Total (n = 180)

Age at death, median (Q1; Q3)a

34.5 (25.75; 43.25)

30.5 (26.0; 38.0)

35.0 (27.25; 44.50)

35.5 (27.5; 46.0)

34.5 (26.25; 42.75)

Gender (male)

82.9

86.7

85.0

71.4

82.2

Stable housing

70.7

76.7

65.0

64.3

69.4

Intoxication occurred in a private residence

81.7

93.3

72.5

75.0

80.6

Needle marks

31.7

30.0

97.5***

39.3

47.2

Alcohol (> 0.5‰)b

9.8

16.7

37.5***

10.7

17.2

Benzodiazepines

74.4

86.7

67.5

53.6*

71.7

Z-drugs

15.9

26.7

22.5

28.6

21.1

Pregabalin

22.0

36.7

17.5

32.1

25.0

Sedatives

82.9

93.3

82.5

71.4

82.8

THC

19.5

23.3

30.0

7.1

20.6

CNS stimulants

26.5

10.0

32.5

17.9

23.3

Opioid onlyc

3.7

0.0

5.0

25.0*

6.7

Antidepressants

18.3

40.0*

32.5

14.3

24.4

  1. Methadone is the reference value for x2 comparisons between the substances
  2. *p value of < 0.05; ***p value of < 0.001
  3. aIndependent samples Mann-Whitney U test used to compare medians between groups
  4. bTwo cases were removed because the analyses had not been carried out on femoral blood. Both these cases were methadone intoxications
  5. cFisher’s exact test was used for this variable