Table 4 Distribution of active variables by identified risk profiles (n = 584)
Variable | Overall | Profile 1, high multiple risks (n = 130) | Profile 2, sexual risks (n = 208) | Profile 3, moderate risks (n = 72) | Profile 4, low risks (n = 174) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | n | Weighted % | p value | |
City | |||||||||||
Hanoi | 168 | 27.6 | 33 | 32.2 | 58 | 20.1 | 22 | 31.8 | 55 | 29.1 | < 0.001 |
HCMC | 203 | 40.3 | 90 | 63.4 | 61 | 33.6 | 19 | 26.7 | 33 | 30.1 | |
Haiphong | 213 | 32.1 | 7 | 4.3 | 89 | 46.3 | 31 | 41.4 | 86 | 40.8 | |
Sex | |||||||||||
Boy | 460 | 71.7 | 86 | 49.0 | 149 | 71.2 | 64 | 86.9 | 161 | 88.2 | < 0.001 |
Girl | 109 | 26.0 | 44 | 51.0 | 44 | 21.3 | 8 | 13.1 | 13 | 11.8 | |
Transgender | 15 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 7.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Age, median (IQR) | 584 | 130 | 23.0 (21.0, 24.0) | 208 | 22.0 (20.0, 23.0) | 72 | 20.0 (18.0, 21.0) | 174 | 17.0 (16.0, 19.0) | < 0.001 | |
Parents married or living together | 331 | 57.7 | 67 | 55.7 | 102 | 48.3 | 47 | 69.0 | 115 | 64.8 | 0.003 |
Mother or father dead | |||||||||||
Yes | 120 | 19.1 | 35 | 27.8 | 48 | 16.9 | 14 | 17.9 | 23 | 13.5 | 0.005 |
No | 459 | 80.0 | 95 | 72.2 | 156 | 80.8 | 58 | 82.1 | 150 | 85.9 | |
Do not know/no answer | 5 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 2.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.7 | |
Living alone or with friends | 99 | 19.4 | 18 | 13.7 | 64 | 37.8 | 5 | 10.3 | 12 | 10.0 | < 0.001 |
Resident registration in city | |||||||||||
Yes | 496 | 78.4 | 104 | 69.7 | 170 | 78.3 | 69 | 95.3 | 153 | 80.5 | < 0.001 |
No | 81 | 20.2 | 25 | 30.1 | 37 | 21.7 | 3 | 4.7 | 16 | 15.2 | |
Do not know | 7 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 4.3 | |
Live most of the time | |||||||||||
On the street | 12 | 1.3 | 10 | 3.9 | 2 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
In a rented house | 143 | 29.7 | 42 | 43.6 | 73 | 41.3 | 10 | 18.2 | 18 | 9.2 | |
In a house of family/own | 401 | 59.7 | 75 | 47.8 | 117 | 47.7 | 62 | 81.8 | 147 | 74.9 | |
In workplace/somebody else house/other | 27 | 9.1 | 3 | 4.7 | 15 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 15.8 | |
No answer | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Regular income | 279 | 55.1 | 65 | 60.3 | 137 | 69.7 | 29 | 40.8 | 48 | 41.1 | < 0.001 |
Family mental health history | |||||||||||
Yes | 33 | 6.3 | 11 | 11.4 | 11 | 4.8 | 2 | 0.6 | 9 | 5.1 | 0.019 |
No | 546 | 92.9 | 116 | 87.3 | 195 | 94.0 | 70 | 99.4 | 165 | 94.9 | |
Do not know | 5 | 0.7 | 3 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Age of first drug use | |||||||||||
< 14 | 56 | 7.0 | 11 | 3.9 | 21 | 8.1 | 3 | 3.7 | 21 | 9.9 | < 0.001 |
14–15 | 151 | 21.4 | 27 | 22.0 | 41 | 13.5 | 14 | 18.0 | 69 | 29.7 | |
16–17 | 159 | 27.1 | 21 | 14.2 | 48 | 22.5 | 25 | 30.8 | 65 | 42.4 | |
18–19 | 109 | 22.8 | 30 | 28.0 | 47 | 25.5 | 20 | 34.0 | 12 | 11.2 | |
20–21 | 69 | 12.9 | 21 | 13.8 | 39 | 23.1 | 5 | 8.0 | 4 | 3.6 | |
22+ | 40 | 8.9 | 20 | 18.0 | 12 | 7.2 | 5 | 5.4 | 3 | 3.2 | |
Ever used heroin | 148 | 24.3 | 72 | 48.3 | 62 | 27.3 | 5 | 8.8 | 9 | 4.3 | < 0.001 |
Ever used cannabis | 404 | 59.2 | 34 | 13.5 | 170 | 80.4 | 51 | 70.6 | 149 | 77.2 | < 0.001 |
Ever used ice | 487 | 83.1 | 116 | 89.8 | 202 | 98.5 | 55 | 68.7 | 114 | 66.7 | < 0.001 |
Ever used ecstasy | 172 | 25.0 | 25 | 14.7 | 120 | 56.1 | 13 | 24.3 | 14 | 4.1 | < 0.001 |
Ever used ketamine | 145 | 17.8 | 15 | 5.6 | 103 | 42.3 | 12 | 18.3 | 15 | 4.7 | < 0.001 |
Use ice | |||||||||||
Never used | 97 | 16.9 | 14 | 10.2 | 6 | 1.5 | 17 | 31.3 | 60 | 33.3 | < 0.001 |
Up to once or twice a month | 128 | 24.8 | 22 | 20.7 | 48 | 27.7 | 20 | 26.0 | 38 | 25.3 | |
Only at weekend or on special occasions | 31 | 5.1 | 3 | 2.8 | 14 | 6.7 | 5 | 6.6 | 9 | 5.1 | |
Weekly | 209 | 36.3 | 60 | 44.2 | 84 | 43.9 | 24 | 32.8 | 41 | 22.4 | |
Every day/several times a day | 98 | 13.1 | 29 | 17.6 | 50 | 17.4 | 3 | 1.5 | 16 | 8.8 | |
Other/no answer | 21 | 3.9 | 2 | 4.4 | 6 | 3.0 | 3 | 1.8 | 10 | 5.0 | |
Received treatment for drug use | 67 | 10.3 | 46 | 30.4 | 18 | 4.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Used alcohol in last 6 months | |||||||||||
Never | 174 | 34.8 | 78 | 63.2 | 29 | 12.2 | 27 | 44.1 | 40 | 27.0 | < 0.001 |
Monthly or less | 137 | 26.2 | 20 | 18.1 | 42 | 25.5 | 14 | 14.2 | 61 | 39.1 | |
2–4 times a month | 132 | 20.8 | 16 | 8.7 | 58 | 31.6 | 16 | 25.3 | 42 | 20.1 | |
2–3 times a week | 78 | 11.4 | 6 | 6.8 | 39 | 16.4 | 8 | 12.3 | 25 | 10.4 | |
4 times a week or more than | 63 | 6.8 | 10 | 3.3 | 40 | 14.4 | 7 | 4.1 | 6 | 3.4 | |
Got a tattoo | 278 | 44.4 | 83 | 52.5 | 114 | 49.8 | 30 | 39.0 | 51 | 33.3 | 0.001 |
Use drugs to enhance skills when playing videogames | |||||||||||
Yes | 130 | 17.0 | 16 | 6.7 | 60 | 25.5 | 14 | 17.7 | 40 | 18.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 233 | 37.6 | 34 | 30.7 | 72 | 29.4 | 34 | 53.4 | 93 | 46.4 | |
Missing/not applicable | 221 | 45.5 | 80 | 62.6 | 76 | 45.1 | 24 | 28.9 | 41 | 35.6 | |
Ever tested for HIV | 226 | 38.7 | 79 | 56.8 | 101 | 48.7 | 18 | 24.8 | 28 | 16.8 | < 0.001 |
Does not know how HCV is transmitted | 442 | 72.8 | 99 | 71.8 | 130 | 61.9 | 68 | 93.6 | 145 | 76.9 | < 0.001 |
Number of days used drugs in last 3 months | |||||||||||
0–30 | 289 | 55.3 | 41 | 42.5 | 93 | 50.2 | 45 | 71.7 | 110 | 66.5 | < 0.001 |
31–60 | 132 | 18.8 | 22 | 13.1 | 50 | 20.5 | 18 | 22.0 | 42 | 21.1 | |
61–90 | 163 | 25.9 | 67 | 44.4 | 65 | 29.4 | 9 | 6.2 | 22 | 12.3 | |
Number of sexual partners in last 3 months | |||||||||||
0 | 235 | 41.2 | 29 | 24.2 | 15 | 9.6 | 26 | 32.7 | 165 | 91.5 | < 0.001 |
1 | 192 | 34.7 | 86 | 71.0 | 69 | 29.1 | 37 | 51.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
2 | 53 | 6.9 | 9 | 2.7 | 40 | 18.0 | 4 | 6.9 | 0 | 0.0 | |
3+ | 92 | 14.4 | 6 | 2.0 | 81 | 42.4 | 5 | 9.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Missing/not applicable | 12 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 8.5 | |
After using drugs, have more sexual activities | |||||||||||
Yes | 189 | 30.4 | 32 | 25.3 | 131 | 62.5 | 25 | 39.7 | 1 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 219 | 38.9 | 98 | 74.7 | 74 | 36.2 | 47 | 60.3 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Missing/not applicable | 176 | 30.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 173 | 99.9 | |
Had group sex | |||||||||||
Yes | 32 | 4.5 | 2 | 1.6 | 30 | 13.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 376 | 65.1 | 128 | 98.4 | 175 | 86.0 | 72 | 100 | 1 | 0.1 | |
Missing/not applicable | 176 | 30.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 173 | 99.9 | |
Had sex with a person of the same sex | |||||||||||
Yes | 81 | 12.5 | 6 | 4.0 | 71 | 35.7 | 4 | 5.9 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 329 | 57.2 | 124 | 96.0 | 136 | 64.2 | 68 | 94.1 | 1 | 0.1 | |
Missing/not applicable | 174 | 30.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 173 | 99.9 | |
Had sex in exchange for money, goods, drugs | |||||||||||
Yes | 84 | 12.9 | 6 | 3.8 | 76 | 38.5 | 2 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
No | 327 | 56.7 | 124 | 96.2 | 131 | 60.9 | 70 | 97.8 | 2 | 0.3 | |
Missing/not applicable | 173 | 30.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 172 | 99.7 | |
Paid someone with money, drugs, goods, in exchange for sex | |||||||||||
Yes | 58 | 8.7 | 11 | 4.6 | 43 | 23.1 | 3 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 352 | 60.7 | 119 | 95.4 | 164 | 76.7 | 68 | 93.3 | 1 | 0.2 | |
Missing/not applicable | 174 | 30.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 2.8 | 172 | 99.7 | |
Been forced to have sex with someone | |||||||||||
Yes | 56 | 8.1 | 5 | 6.6 | 47 | 18.7 | 3 | 4.8 | 1 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
No | 350 | 60.8 | 125 | 93.4 | 157 | 80.1 | 67 | 89.6 | 1 | 0.2 | |
Missing/not applicable | 178 | 31.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1.1 | 2 | 5.6 | 172 | 99.7 | |
Did a household member go to prison | |||||||||||
Yes | 176 | 28.2 | 50 | 41.4 | 62 | 20.7 | 21 | 26.7 | 43 | 23.6 | < 0.001 |
No | 404 | 71.3 | 78 | 57.6 | 145 | 78.8 | 50 | 72.7 | 131 | 76.4 | |
Missing/not applicable | 4 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Adolescent depression rating scale, median (IQR) | 584 | 130 | 3.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 208 | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 72 | 3.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 174 | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | < 0.001 | |
Psychotic experience (CAPE), median (IQR) | 584 | 130 | 8.0 (7.0, 9.0) | 208 | 9.0 (8.0, 11.0) | 72 | 8.0 (8.0, 9.0) | 174 | 9.0 (7.0, 10.0) | 0.003 | |