From: Prevalence of HCV among people who inject drugs in Brussels—a respondent-driven sampling survey
PWID and HROU (a) | PWID non-HROU (b) | Non-PWID HROU(c) | Total PWID (a)+(b) | Total HROU (a)+(c) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± sd, median, range) | 40.5 ± 9.5, 40, 20–65 | 37.0 ± 8.6, 34, 23–52 | 41.7 ± 9.2, 45, 19–65 | 40.1 ± 9.4, 40, 20–65 | 40.9 ± 9.4, 42, 19–65 | |||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Sex | Male | 139 | 90.9 | 13 | 86.7 | 80 | 94.1 | 152 | 90.5 | 219 | 92.0 | |
Female | 14 | 9.2 | 2 | 13.3 | 5 | 5.9 | 16 | 9.5 | 19 | 8.0 | ||
Place of residence | In Brussels | 145 | 94.8 | 11 | 73.3 | 82 | 96.5 | 156 | 92.9 | 227 | 95.4 | |
Not in Brussels | 8 | 5.2 | 4 | 26.7 | 3 | 3.5 | 12 | 7.1 | 11 | 4.6 | ||
Use of not-prescribed opiates at least once a week for 6 months in the last 12 months | Yes | 153 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 85 | 100.0 | 153 | 91.1 | 238 | 100.0 | |
No | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 8.9 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
Injected any drug in the last 12 months | Yes | 153 | 100.0 | 15 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 168 | 100.0 | 153 | 64.3 | |
No | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 85 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 85 | 35.7 | ||
Injected heroin in the last 12 months | Yes | 120 | 78.4 | 7 | 46.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 127 | 75.6 | 120 | 50.4 | |
No | 33 | 21.6 | 8 | 53.3 | 85 | 100.0 | 41 | 24.4 | 118 | 49.6 | ||
Injected cocaine in the last 12 months | Yes | 125 | 81.7 | 13 | 86.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 138 | 82.1 | 125 | 52.5 | |
No | 28 | 18.3 | 2 | 13.3 | 85 | 100.0 | 30 | 17.9 | 113 | 47.5 | ||
Injected other opiates in the last 12 months | Yes | 54 | 35.3 | 2 | 13.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 56 | 33.3 | 54 | 22.7 | |
No | 99 | 64.7 | 13 | 86.7 | 85 | 100.0 | 112 | 66.7 | 184 | 77.3 | ||
Injected amphetamines in the last 12 months | Yes | 21 | 13.7 | 6 | 40.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 27 | 16.1 | 21 | 8.8 | |
No | 132 | 86.3 | 9 | 60.0 | 85 | 100.0 | 141 | 83.9 | 217 | 91.2 | ||
Injected NPS in the last 12 months | Yes | 9 | 5.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 5.4 | 9 | 3.8 | |
No | 144 | 94.1 | 15 | 100.0 | 85 | 100.0 | 159 | 94.6 | 229 | 96.2 | ||
Injected other drugs in the last 12 months | Yes | 6 | 3.9 | 1 | 6.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 4.2 | 6 | 2.5 | |
No | 147 | 96.1 | 14 | 93.3 | 85 | 100.0 | 161 | 95.8 | 232 | 97.5 | ||
Ever tested on HCV | Yes | 98 | 64.1 | 7 | 46.7 | 47 | 55.3 | 105 | 62.5 | 145 | 60.9 | |
Infected | 51 | 52.0 | 4 | 57.1 | 8 | 17.0 | 55 | 52.4 | 59 | 40.7 | ||
Not infected | 43 | 43.9 | 2 | 28.6 | 37 | 78.7 | 45 | 42.9 | 80 | 55.2 | ||
Do not know | 4 | 4.1 | 1 | 14.3 | 2 | 4.3 | 5 | 4.8 | 6 | 4.1 | ||
No | 51 | 33.3 | 8 | 53.3 | 28 | 32.9 | 59 | 35.1 | 79 | 33.2 | ||
Don't know | 4 | 4.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 10 | 11.8 | 4 | 2.4 | 14 | 5.9 | ||
Ever in treatment for HCV (only for those who were tested and infected) | Yes | 20 | 39.2 | 1 | 25.0 | 3 | 37.5 | 21 | 38.2 | 23 | 39.0 | |
No | 31 | 60.8 | 3 | 75.0 | 5 | 62.5 | 34 | 61.8 | 36 | 61.0 | ||
Ever in substitution treatment | Yes | 120 | 78.4 | 9 | 60.0 | 60 | 70.6 | 129 | 76.8 | 180 | 75.6 | |
Now | 87 | 72.5 | 5 | 55.6 | 43 | 71.7 | 92 | 71.3 | 130 | 72.2 | ||
Before | 33 | 27.5 | 4 | 44.4 | 17 | 28.3 | 37 | 28.7 | 50 | 27.8 | ||
No | 33 | 21.6 | 6 | 40.0 | 24 | 28.2 | 39 | 23.2 | 57 | 24.0 | ||
Do not know | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.4 | ||
Ever in other drug-related treatments | Yes | 82 | 53.6 | 8 | 53.3 | 36 | 42.4 | 90 | 53.6 | 118 | 49.6 | |
Now | 17 | 20.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 13.9 | 17 | 19.1 | 22 | 18.8 | ||
Before | 64 | 78.0 | 8 | 100.0 | 31 | 86.1 | 72 | 80.9 | 95 | 81.2 | ||
No | 71 | 46.4 | 7 | 46.7 | 49 | 57.6 | 78 | 46.4 | 120 | 50.4 | ||
Referral | Stranger | 14 | 9.2 | 3 | 20.0 | 11 | 12.9 | 17 | 10.1 | 25 | 10.5 | |
Acquaintance but not close | 54 | 35.3 | 5 | 33.3 | 33 | 38.8 | 59 | 35.1 | 87 | 36.6 | ||
Friend | 63 | 41.2 | 6 | 40.0 | 18 | 21.2 | 69 | 41.1 | 81 | 34.0 | ||
Partner | 6 | 3.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.4 | 6 | 3.6 | 8 | 3.4 | ||
Family | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 3.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.3 | ||
Dealer | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.4 | ||
Seeds | 15 | 9.8 | 1 | 6.7 | 8 | 9.4 | 16 | 9.5 | 23 | 9.7 | ||
Risk behavior (past 30 days) | Split drugs with someone else | 85 | 55.6 | 7 | 46.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 92 | 54.8 | 85 | 55.6 | |
Used a syringe that had been used before | 40 | 26.1 | 5 | 33.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 45 | 26.8 | 40 | 26.1 | ||
Injected drugs that were mixed, measured or divided up with a used syringe | 72 | 47.1 | 6 | 40.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 78 | 46.4 | 72 | 47.1 | ||
Draw a shot from someone else’s cooker | 72 | 22.9 | 7 | 46.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 79 | 47.0 | 72 | 47.1 | ||
Draw a shot from someone else’s water | 60 | 39.2 | 6 | 40.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 66 | 39.3 | 60 | 39.2 | ||
Used rinse water from somebody else | 39 | 25.5 | 4 | 26.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 43 | 25.6 | 39 | 25.5 | ||
HCV antibody test | Positive | 66 | 43.1 | 3 | 20.0 | 14 | 16.5 | 69 | 41.1 | 80 | 33.6 | |
Negative | 87 | 56.9 | 12 | 80.0 | 71 | 83.5 | 99 | 58.9 | 158 | 66.4 | ||
Total | 153 | 100 | 15 | 100 | 85 | 100 | 168 | 100 | 238 | 100 |