Table 2 Associations between the presence of fentanyl metabolites and (a) other substance metabolites detected by urine toxicology and (b) self-reported past week substance use (N = 1050 study assessments)
| Â | Detection period | Study visits detected N (%) | Co-occurring fentanyl detection | Unadjusted odds of fentanyl detection | 95% confidence interval | Adjusted odds of fentanyl detection | 95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) Metabolites detected by urine toxicology | |||||||
 Fentanyl | 3 days | 35 (3%) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
 Opiates (codeine, etc.)1 | 2-3 days | 221 (21%) | 23 (10%) | 7.91 | 1.37-16.67 | 4.90 | 2.23-11.01 |
 Oxycodone/Oxymorphone2 | 1-3 days | 51 (5%) | 4 (8%) | 2.65 | 0.77-7.05 | 1.53 | 0.41-4.59 |
 Tramadol3 | 1-2 days | 110 (11%) | 5 (5%) | 1.44 | 0.48-3.49 | 1.57 | 0.50-4.13 |
 Heroin | 12-24 hours | 28 (3%) | 8 (29%) | 14.74 | 5.68-35.47 | 5.41 | 1.85-15.12 |
 Cocaine (crack or powder) | 2-3 days | 709 (68%) | 24 (3%) | 1.71 | 0.85-3.67 | 1.36 | 0.64-3.07 |
 Methamphetamine | 2-4 days | 293 (28%) | 17 (6%) | 2.53 | 1.27-4.99 | 1.32 | 0.60-2.83 |
 Benzodiazepines | Up to 2 weeks | 112 (11%) | 9 (8%) | 3.06 | 1.32-6.48 | 2.72 | 1.12-6.13 |
(b) Self-reported past week substance use | |||||||
 Opioids4 | -- | 285 (27%) | 29 (10%) | 14.30 | 6.29-38.54 | 9.26 | 3.83-25.95 |
 Heroin | -- | 103 (10%) | 20 (19%) | 15.03 | 7.41-30.79 | 6.43 | 2.81-15.04 |
 Crack cocaine | -- | 422 (40%) | 19 (5%) | 1.80 | 0.92-3.60 | 1.38 | 0.61-3.09 |
 Powder cocaine | -- | 109 (10%) | 7 (6%) | 2.23 | 0.88-4.98 | 0.71 | 0.24-1.90 |
 Methamphetamine | -- | 188 (18%) | 16 (9%) | 4.18 | 2.08-8.29 | 1.75 | 0.76-3.93 |
 Benzodiazepines5 | -- | 171 (16%) | 12 (7%) | 2.80 | 1.33-5.65 | 1.02 | 0.24-1.90 |