Table 3 Bivariate and multivariate analysis of predictors associated with HIV infection among PWID (n = 607)
Characteristics | Number of participants (weighted %) | Weighted % of HIV positive | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cOR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | |||
Sex** | ||||||
Male | 576 (94.4) | 6.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 35 (5.6) | 42.0 | 14.7 (4.9–43.1) | 0.000* | 19.1(5.9–61.8) | 0.000* |
Age group (years) | ||||||
< 25 | 54 (8.7) | 2.9 | 1 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 264 (43.0) | 5.8 | 2.1 (0.3–16.8) | 0.498 | 5.4(0.4–76.4) | 0200 |
35–44 | 245 (41.5) | 10.8 | 4.0 (0.5–30.9) | 0.180 | 11.6(0.9–144.5) | 0.057 |
≥ 45 | 44 (6.8) | 22.4 | 9.7 (1.1–86.9) | 0.043* | 34.2(2.4–489.5) | 0.009* |
Educational level | ||||||
None | 113 (23.5) | 10.8 | 1 | |||
Primary education | 418 (67.6) | 7.4 | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.273 | ||
Secondary education | 60 (8.9) | 13.4 | 1.3 (0.4–3.6) | 0.648 | ||
Income per month (Tshs) | ||||||
< 50,000 | 116 (20.3) | 10.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
50,000–120,000 | 145 (25.7) | 10.8 | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | 0.859 | 1.5 (0.5–4.5) | 0.515 |
120,001–200,000 | 95 (17.6) | 9.6 | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.350 | 0.7 (0.2–2.3) | 0.566 |
> 200,000 | 255 (30.4) | 6.2 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.247 | 0.4 (0.2–1.9) | 0.444 |
Occupation | ||||||
None | 24 (3.6) | 6.0 | 1 | |||
Self employed | 450 (74.7) | 7.7 | 1.3 (0.2–11.0) | 0.797 | ||
Employed | 100 (16.3) | 6.5 | 1.1 (0.1–10.1) | 0.946 | ||
Informal employment | 37 (5.4) | 31.3 | 7.1 (0.8–63.1) | 0.077 | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 323 (52.7) | 8.3 | 1 | |||
Married partner | 115 (17.1) | 8.0 | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 0.928 | ||
Separated/Divorced | 173 (30.2) | 9.8 | 1.2 (0.56–2.6) | 0.633 | ||
Ever shared needle | ||||||
No | 258 (41.0) | 5.6 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 253 (59.0) | 13.4 | 2.6 (1.3–5.1) | 0.005* | 2.2(0.8–6.3) | 0.148 |
Used needle previous used by others in the past 1 month | ||||||
No | 438 (71.0) | 6.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 173 (29.0) | 13.5 | 2.1 (1.08–4.24) | 0.029* | 0.7(0.2–2.0) | 0.509 |
Taken any non-injected drugs other than alcohol in the last three months | ||||||
No | 409 (65.0) | 7.9 | 1 | |||
Yes | 202 (35.0) | 10.4 | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 0.382 | ||
Duration injecting drugs (in years) | ||||||
< 1 year | 47 (9.0) | 2.9 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–3 years | 108 (17.0) | 4.3 | 1.5 (0.2–8.8) | 0.662 | 2.3 (0.5–10.9) | 0.294 |
4–6 years | 117 (29.0) | 3.0 | 1.0 (0.1–7.4) | 0.969 | 1.9 (0.3–10.0) | 0.469 |
7–9 years | 76 (12.0) | 8.4 | 3.1 (0.5–17.3) | 0.206 | 4.2 (0.9–19.0) | 0.059 |
10+ years | 263 (44.0) | 14.2 | 5.5(1.2–25.8) | 0.030* | 7.3 (2.1–25.5) | 0.002* |
Used a new sterile needle last time injected | ||||||
No | 108 (18) | 16.4 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 503 (82) | 7.1 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.005* | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.020* |
Ever used a male condom | ||||||
No | 156 (25.0) | 6.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 455 (75.0) | 9.5 | 1.6(0.7–3.4) | 0.246 | 1.7 (0.6–4.7) | 0.277 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Never | 413 (69.0) | 8.0 | 1 | |||
2–3 times a week | 31 (4.9) | 7.5 | 0.9 (0.3–3.4) | 0.914 | ||
4 or more times a week | 39 (5.1) | 10.9 | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) | 0.515 | ||
2–4 times a month | 127 (20.0) | 11.1 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.400 | ||
Experience of both form of violence | ||||||
No | 272 (42) | 6.5 | 1 | |||
Yes | 339 (58) | 11.8 | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) | 0.064 | ||
Experience of physical violence | ||||||
No | 385 (65) | 8.3 | 1 | |||
Yes | 226 (35) | 9.7 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.616 | ||
Experience of sexual violence | ||||||
No | 520 (86) | 6.9 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 91 (14) | 19.7 | 3.3 (1.6–6.7) | 0.001* | 1.2 (0.6–3.1) | 0.718 |