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Table 4 Correlates of non-fatal overdose among young adult PWID (n = 340)

From: Prescription opioid injection among young people who inject drugs in New York City: a mixed-methods description and associations with hepatitis C virus infection and overdose

 

Never overdosed

Overdosed at least once

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

OR p value

AOR (95% CI)

AOR p value

N (%)

146 (43)

194 (57)

–

–

–

–

Injected POs (lifetime)

 No

80 (55)

57 (29)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

66 (45)

137 (71)

2.91 (1.86–4.56)

< 0.01

2.51 (1.53–4.11)

< 0.01

Gender

 Male

97 (67)

124 (65)

Ref

Ref

  

 Female

47 (33)

68 (35)

1.13 (0.72–1.79)

0.60

–

–

Race/ethnicity

 Latino/a

33 (23)

29 (15)

Ref

Ref

  

 White

101 (70)

151 (78)

1.70 (0.97–2.98)

0.06

–

–

 Non-Latino/non-White

11 (8)

13 (7)

1.34 (0.52–3.46)

0.54

–

–

Household income growing up (annual)

 $0–50 k

61 (45)

63 (36)

Ref

Ref

  

 $51–100 k

48 (35)

60 (35)

1.21 (0.72–2.03)

0.47

  

 > $100 k

28 (20)

50 (29)

1.73 (0.97–3.09)

0.06

  

Homeless (lifetime)

 No

53 (36)

47 (24)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Yes

93 (64)

146 (76)

1.77 (1.10–2.84)

0.02

1.10 (0.65–1.85)

0.73

Number people shared syringes (past 12 months)

 0

96 (70)

98 (52)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1

33 (24)

54 (29)

1.60 (0.96–2.69)

0.07

1.21 (0.68–2.15)

0.51

 2 or more

8 (6)

35 (19)

4.29 (1.89–9.71)

< 0.01

2.25 (0.87–5.82)

0.09

Number people shared cookers (past 12 months)

 0

69 (51)

57 (30)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 1

33 (24)

37 (20)

1.36 (0.76–2.44)

0.31

1.34 (0.71–2.55)

0.37

 2 or more

34 (25)

93 (50)

3.31 (1.96–5.61)

< 0.01

2.50 (1.39–4.50)

< 0.01

  1. Sample total is 340 instead of 353 because 6 participants did not respond to the questions regarding PO injection and 7 additional participants did not respond to the questions regarding overdose