Table 6 Impact of OST participation on social and behavioral outcomes among those retained at T1, T2 and T3 (excluding drop-outs)
Baseline (T0) (n = 74) | 6 weeks (T1) (n = 71) | 6 months (T2) (n = 52) | 12 months (T3) (n = 50) | P valuea | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Effect sizeb | P valuec | Effect sizeb | P valuec | Effect sizeb | P valuec | ||
Injecting drug use (past 4 weeks) | 73 (98.7) | 6 (8.1) | 7 (9.5) | 3 (4.1) | 0.000 | 2.336 | 0.000 | 2.286 | 0.000 | 2.505 | 1.000 |
Shared needle for injection (past 4 weeks) | 37 (50) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 | 1.334 | 0.000 | 1.571 | 0.000 | 1.571 | 0.000 |
Property crime (past 4 weeks) | 42 (56.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 | 1.470 | 0.000 | 1.707 | 0.000 | 1.707 | 0.000 |
Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2: ≥ 3)d | 30 (40.5) | 2 (2.82) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (4) | 0.000 | 1.042 | 0.000 | 1.103 | 0.000 | 0.977 | 0.000 |
Depression symptoms (PHQ-9: ≥ 10)e | 55 (74.3) | 2 (2.8) | 5 (9.6) | 0 (0) | 0.000 | 1.742 | 0.000 | 1.448 | 0.000 | 2.078 | 0.000 |
Current suicidal ideation (PHQ-9: item 9)f | 44 (59.5) | 10 (14.1) | 7 (13.5) | 9 (18) | 0.000 | 0.992 | 0.000 | 1.009 | 0.000 | 0.886 | 0.000 |
Poor physical health (self-perceived) | 55 (74.3) | 3 (4.1) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.8) | 0.000 | 1.671 | 0.000 | 1.719 | 1.000 | 1.809 | 0.000 |
Poor family relationships | 53 (71.6) | 1 (1.8) | 7 (11.3) | 3 (5.3) | 0.000 | 1.748 | 0.000 | 1.332 | 1.000 | 1.553 | 0.000 |
Very hopeful for future | 9 (12.2) | 16 (22.5) | 28 (53.9) | 31 (62) | 0.000 | − 0.275 | 0.189 | − 0.935 | 0.000 | − 1.100 | 0.000 |
Employment (employed) | 42 (56.8) | 36 (52.2) | 33 (67.4) | 40 (80) | 0.010 | 0.092 | 0.607 | − 0.219 | 0.648 | − 0.507 | 0.019 |
Participation in family events | 50 (67.6) | 50 (70.4) | 44 (84.6) | 44 (88) | 0.019 | − 0.061 | 0.845 | − 0.405 | 0.210 | − 0.504 | 0.039 |