Table 1 Comparison of self-excluders and non-self-excluders (including all individuals with valid answer for the self-exclusion item, N = 1940)
Self-excluded (n = 84) | Not self-excluded (n = 1856) | p value | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex | 58% (49) | 49% (908) | 0.09 | 2 |
Age | < 0.001* | 0 | ||
16–19 | 14% (12) | 2% (45) | ||
20–24 | 17% (14) | 5% (95) | ||
25–29 | 17% (14) | 9% (169) | ||
30–39 | 25% (21) | 18% (331) | ||
40–49 | 17% (14) | 25% (466) | ||
50 and above | 11% (9) | 40% (750) | ||
Post-high-school education | 43% (36) | 57% (1049) | 0.01 | 0 |
Income | 11% (9) | 9% (171) | 0.26* | 0 |
Under 10,000 | ||||
10,000–15,000- | 14% (12) | 9% (169) | ||
15,000–20,000 | 7% (6) | 9% (172) | ||
20,000–25,000 | 8% (7) | 10% (191) | ||
25,000–30,000 | 20% (17) | 16% (289) | ||
30,000–35,000 | 15% (13) | 16% (294) | ||
35,000–40,000 | 7% (6) | 12% (220) | ||
40,000–45,000 | 6% (5) | 7% (125) | ||
45,000–50,000 | 1% (1) | 3% (64) | ||
50,000 and above | 10% (8) | 9% (161) | ||
Past-year over-indebtedness | 20% (17) | 4% (80) | < 0.001 | 9 |
Need for psychological distress treatment | 54% (45) | 36% (662) | < 0.001 | 25 |
Severe psychological distress | 24% (20) | 9% (161) | < 0.001 | 10 |
Need for treatment for alcohol problems | 15% (12) | 4% (68) | < 0.001 | 8 |
Need for treatment for drug problems | 12% (10) | 2% (30) | < 0.001 | 8 |
Tobacco smoking | 26% (21) | 16% (294) | 0.02 | 7 |
Gambling risk | < 0.001* | 55 | ||
None | 76% (47) | 90% (1645) | ||
Low | 3% (2) | 5% (90) | ||
Moderate risk | 6% (4) | 2% (42) | ||
Problem gambling | 15% (9) | 3% (46) | ||
Past-year gambling activities | ||||
Online casino | 28% (23) | 7% (136) | < 0.001 | 11 |
Physical casino | 15% (12) | 3% (63) | < 0.001 | 12 |
Online horse betting | 19% (15) | 14% (256) | 0.24 | 13 |
Physical horse betting | 16% (13) | 11% (202) | 0.13 | 17 |
Online sports betting | 21% (16) | 17% (310) | 0.39 | 14 |
Physical sports betting | 17% (14) | 12% (217) | 0.13 | 11 |
Online poker | 13% (10) | 3% (59) | < 0.001 | 10 |
Physical poker | 7% (6) | 3% (59) | 0.04 | 10 |
Physical gambling machines | 17% (14) | 5% (88) | < 0.001 | 7 |
Online bingo | 13% (10) | 5% (90) | < 0.01 | 11 |