Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the analysis, and gender and age-adjusted expected smoking prevalence based on population smoking rates
| Â | Hospitalized cases | Age | Males | Females | Hospitalized smokers | Hospitalized smokers prevalence | Expected number of smokers (gender and age-adjusted) | Expected smokers gender and age-adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | Median (IQR) Mean (SD) | % | % | n | % (95%CI) | n | % |
Chen et al. [22] | 145 | 48 (15) | 54.5 | 45.5 | 15 | 10.3 (5.9–16.5) | 37 | 25.8 |
Feng et al. [23] | 454 | 53 (60–64) | 56.9 | 43.1 | 44 | 9.7 (7.1–12.8) | 122 | 26.8 |
Guan et al. [24] | 1085 | 47 (35–58) | 58.1 | 41.9 | 137 | 12.6 (10.6–14.6) | 296 | 27.3 |
Hu et al. [25] | 323 | 61 (23–91) | 51.4 | 48.6 | 38 | 11.8 (8.5–15.8) | 79 | 24.6 |
Huang et al. [26] | 41 | 49 (41–58) | 73.2 | 26.8 | 3 | 7.3 (0.0–15.3) | 14 | 33.3 |
Ji et al. [27] | 208 | 44 (16) | 56.3 | 43.8 | 19 | 9.2 (5.6–13.9) | 55 | 26.5 |
Li et al. [28] | 544 | 60 (48–69) | 51.3 | 48.7 | 41 | 7.5 (5.4–10.1) | 134 | 24.6 |
Li et al. [29] | 25 | 51 | 48.0 | 52.0 | 7 | 28.0 (12.1–49.4) | 6 | 23.3 |
Liu et al. [30] | 40 | 49 (14) | 37.5 | 62.5 | 5 | 12.5 (4.2–26.8) | 8 | 19.1 |
Liu et al. [31] | 78 | 38 (33–57) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 5 | 6.4 (0.1–11.8) | 19 | 24.1 |
Mo et al. [32] | 155 | 54 (42–66) | 55.5 | 44.5 | 6 | 3.9 (0.9–6.9) | 41 | 26.2 |
Qin et al. [33] | 452 | 58 (47–67) | 52.0 | 48.0 | 7 | 1.6 (0.6–3.2) | 112 | 24.8 |
Shi et al. [34] | 474 | 46 (19) | 53.2 | 46.8 | 40 | 8.4 (6.1–11.3) | 120 | 25.3 |
Wan et al. [35] | 135 | 47 (36–55) | 53.3 | 46.7 | 9 | 6.7 (2.5–10.9) | 34 | 25.4 |
Wang et al. [36] | 125 | 39 (14) | 56.8 | 43.2 | 16 | 12.8 (7.5–20.0) | 33 | 26.8 |
Zhang et al. [37] | 140 | 57 (25–87) | 50.7 | 49.3 | 2 | 1.4 (0.0–3.3) | 34 | 24.3 |
Chen et al. [38] | 274 | 62 (44–70) | 62.4 | 37.6 | 12 | 5.4 (2.4–8.3) | 79 | 29.0 |
Wang et al. [39] (1) | 340 | 47 (15) 55 (17) | 48.2 | 51.8 | 16 | 4.7 (2.7–7.5) | 79 | 23.3 |
Yang et al. [40] | 52 | 52 (13) | 67.3 | 32.7 | 2 | 3.8 (0.5–13.2) | 16 | 31.0 |
Zhou et al. [41] | 191 | 56 (46–67) | 62.3 | 37.7 | 11 | 5.8 (2.5–9.1) | 55 | 29.0 |
Chow et al. [42] (2) | 1494 |  |  |  | 27 | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 131 | 8.8 |
Goyal et al. [43] | 393 | 62 (49–74) | 60.6 | 39.4 | 20 | 5.1 (3.1–7.8) | 36 | 9.2 |
Total | 7168 |  |  |  | 482 | 7.0 (5.1–9.3) | 1542 | 24.1 (20.1–28.3) |