Table 1 Bivariable analyses of factors associated with recent use of DCS among PWUD in Vancouver (n = 828)
Characteristic | Drug checking service use | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) n = 176 (21.3%) | No n (%) n = 652 (78.7%) | |||
Age (med, Q1–Q3) | 39.5 (30.0–51.6) | 41.3 (30.8–52.4) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.577 |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 93 (52.8) | 358 (54.9) | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.896 |
 Non-male | 56 (31.8) | 221 (33.9) |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 White | 90 (51.1) | 300 (46.0) | 1.25 (0.89–1.75) | 0.192 |
 Non-White | 83 (47.2) | 346 (53.1) |  |  |
Living in DTES* | ||||
 Yes | 131 (74.4) | 402 (61.7) | 1.81 (1.25–2.65) | 0.002 |
 No | 45 (25.6) | 250 (38.3) |  |  |
Drug dealing* | ||||
 Yes | 49 (27.8) | 111 (17.0) | 1.87 (1.26–2.75) | 0.002 |
 No | 127 (72.2) | 539 (82.7) |  |  |
Homelessness* | ||||
 Yes | 62 (35.2) | 158 (24.2) | 1.71 (1.19–2.44) | 0.003 |
 No | 113 (64.2) | 493 (75.6) |  |  |
Incarceration* | ||||
 Yes | 19 (10.8) | 44 (6.7) | 1.67 (0.93–2.90) | 0.076 |
 No | 157 (89.2) | 607 (93.1) |  |  |
Non-fatal Overdose* | ||||
 Yes | 38 (21.6) | 106 (16.3) | 1.42 (0.93–2.13) | 0.101 |
 No | 138 (78.4) | 545 (83.6) |  |  |
Binge drug use*†| ||||
 Yes | 75 (42.6) | 241 (37.0) | 1.26 (0.90–1.77) | 0.176 |
 No | 101 (57.4) | 410 (62.9) |  |  |
Injection drug use* | ||||
 Yes | 167 (94.9) | 522 (80.1) | 4.62 (2.43–9.97) | < 0.001 |
 No | 9 (5.1) | 130 (19.9) |  |  |
Daily Benzodiazepine use*†| ||||
 Yes | 3 (1.7) | 4 (0.6) | 2.81 (0.55–12.87) | 0.179 |
 No | 172 (97.7) | 645 (98.9) |  |  |
≥ Daily crack use*†| ||||
 Yes | 9 (5.1) | 76 (11.7) | 0.41 (0.19–0.79) | 0.014 |
 No | 167 (94.9) | 576 (88.3) |  |  |
≥ Daily cocaine use*†| ||||
 Yes | 2 (1.1) | 25 (3.8) | 0.29 (0.05–0.98) | 0.093 |
 No | 174 (98.9) | 627 (96.2) |  |  |
≥ Daily heroin Use*†| ||||
 Yes | 89 (50.6) | 260 (39.9) | 1.54 (1.10–2.16) | 0.011 |
 No | 87 (49.4) | 392 (60.1) |  |  |
≥ Daily methamphetamine use*†| ||||
 Yes | 53 (30.1) | 146 (22.4) | 1.49 (1.03–2.16) | 0.034 |
 No | 123 (69.9) | 506 (77.6) |  |  |
≥ Daily non-medical use of prescription opioids*†| ||||
 Yes | 10 (5.7) | 16 (2.5) | 2.39 (1.03–5.30) | 0.034 |
 No | 166 (94.3) | 636 (97.5) |  |  |