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Table 2 Significant reductions in toxin exposures with short-term ENDS substitution.

From: Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes

Toxicant

Significant reduction p < 0.05 (%)

NNK Nitrosamine ketone

64

Ethylene oxide

61

1,3-Butadiene

84

Crotonaldehyde

67

Acrolein

56

Benzene

76

Acrylamide

57

Acrylonitrile

79

Propylene oxide

53

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Biomarker 1-Hydroxyfluorene

58

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Biomarker 3-Hydroxyfluorene

34