Table 2 Participant characteristics by location n = 149, presented as either number of participants (percent frequency) or mean (standard deviation)
Demographic variables of participants | Abbotsford (n = 79) | DTES (n = 70) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
n or mean (% or SD) | n or mean (% or SD) | ||
Age | 43(10) | 46(12) | 0.12 |
Male | 29(37) | 42(61) |  < 0.01* |
Homeless | 32(41) | 19(27) | 0.09 |
House/apartment | 24(30) | 14(20) | 0.15 |
Living with friends or family | 13(16) | 2(3) | 0.01* |
Supported living | 10(13) | 35(50) |  < 0.01* |
First Nations | 22(28) | 40(58) |  < 0.01* |
Relationship status | 16(20) | 20(29) | 0.24 |
Medical condition | |||
HCV | 36(46) | 23(33) | 0.11 |
No medical condition | 29(37) | 32(46) | 0.26 |
Anxiety | 42(53) | 37(53) | 0.97 |
Depression | 49(62) | 35(50) | 0.14 |
No mental conditions | 12(15) | 13(19) | 0.58 |
Other mental conditions | 41(52) | 31(44) | 0.35 |
Drug use | |||
Meth | 61(77) | 38(54) |  < 0.01* |
Crack | 29(37) | 42(60) |  < 0.01* |
Pipe source | |||
Outreach organizations | 60(76) | 62(89) | 0.05* |
Store | 23(29) | 7(10) |  < 0.01* |
Peers | 19(24) | 2(3) |  < 0.01* |
Lend, borrow, or shared pipes | 59(75) | 25(36) |  < 0.01* |
Overdosed in the past month | 11(14) | 4(6) | 0.11 |
Trained on how to use naloxone (Narcan) | 43(54) | 57(81) |  < 0.01* |
Trained on CPR | 46(58) | 56(80) |  < 0.01* |
Carry naloxone | 37(47) | 33(47) | 0.97 |
Have rescued peers who have overdosed | 32(41) | 34(49) | 0.28 |
Arrested for smoking or using illicit drugs in public | 14(18) | 10(14) | 0.57 |
Received tickets for smoking or using illicit drugs | 5(6) | 7(10) | 0.41 |
Have experienced violence or exploitation when using drugs in public by | |||
Users | 48(61) | 35(50) | 0.19 |
Dealers | 31(39) | 26(37) | 0.79 |
Police | 27(34) | 21(30) | 0.59 |
Have experienced psychosis or paranoia as a result of smoking illicit drugs | 51(65) | 40(57) | 0.35 |
Have had blisters, cuts, damage, or infections to mouth, oral area or lips in the last month | 27(34) | 12(17) | 0.02* |
Number of days since visiting a doctor or a nurse | 249(585) | 47(91) | 0.01* |
Public drug use | 69(87) | 37(53) |  < 0.01* |
Pipe screen material | |||
Brillo | 27(34) | 32(46) | 0.15 |
Brass | 28(35) | 26(37) | 0.83 |
Meth equipment | 31(39) | 17(24) | Â |
Network characteristics | |||
Network size | 23(14) | 19(14) | 0.11 |