Variables | Methadone (N = 329) | Buprenorphine (N = 264) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (%) | |||
Men | 86.3 | 81.8 | 0.083 |
Age [mean ± SD] | |||
Years | 47.8 ± 7.9 | 45.7 ± 8.4 | 0.002a |
Educational attainment (%) | |||
None | 1.50 | 0.4 | 0.019 |
Elementary | 68.3 | 62.4 | |
Secondary | 27.4 | 29.7 | |
University | 2.7 | 7.6 | |
Occupation (%) | |||
Employed | 59.9 | 73.9 | < 0.001 |
Driving license (%) | 56.1 | 71.6 | < 0.001 |
Cohabiting (%) | |||
Alone | 17.9 | 17.4 | 0.157 |
With family | 74.5 | 76.5 | |
With friends | 2.1 | 3.8 | |
Other | 5.5 | 2.3 | |
Age onset opioid use [mean ± SD] Years | 21.6 ± 7.0 | 23.9 ± 9.6 | 0.001a |
I.v. opioid (%) | 5.2 | 6.8 | < 0.001 |
Seroprevalence (%) | |||
HBV | 18.6 | 9.8 | 0.005 |
HCV | 43.3 | 25.1 | < 0.001 |
VIH | 13.9 | 3.9 | < 0.001 |
TB | 2.2 | 2.0 | 0.629 |
Syphilis | 0.6 | – | – |
Previous maintenance program (%) | 59.3 | 74.2 | < 0.001 |
Length maintenance program (%) | |||
Less than a year | 14.7 | 32.0 | < 0.001 |
Between 1 and 3 years | 25.0 | 45.3 | |
More than 3 years | 60.3 | 22.7 | |
Daily opioid dosage (mg) | |||
Lowb | 37.5 | 24.6 | 0.002 |
Moderatec | 48.4 | 63.4 | |
Highd | 14.2 | 12.1 | |
Substances (in the last 30 days) (%) | |||
Heroin | 2.5 | 3.5 | 0.308 |
Heroin + cocaine | 14.8 | 13.0 | 0.313 |
Cocaine | 12.9 | 10.3 | 0.207 |
Nicotine | 83.5 | 81.8 | 0.277 |
Cannabis | 33.5 | 30.4 | 0.238 |
Alcohol | 42.1 | 35.5 | 0.064 |
Benzodiazepines | 28.3 | 19 | 0.006 |
Substances (every day) (%) | |||
Heroin | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.693 |
Heroin + cocaine | 3.6 | 0.8 | 0.017 |
Cocaine | 3.0 | 1.9 | 0.270 |
Nicotine | 76.9 | 75 | 0.329 |
Cannabis | 16.7 | 19.7 | 0.203 |
Alcohol | 23.4 | 17.0 | 0.035 |
Benzodiazepines | 22.8 | 14.4 | 0.006 |
Current psychiatric medication (%) | |||
Benzodiazepines | 41.6 | 36.4 | 0.111 |
Antidepressants | 21.3 | 22.0 | 0.458 |
Antipsychotics | 6.4 | 9.5 | 0.107 |
Anticonvulsants | 7.9 | 6.4 | 0.302 |
Others | 5.8 | 4.5 | 0.317 |