Factors associated with opioid overdose during medication-assisted treatment: How can we identify individuals at risk?

Au, Vivian Y. O.; Rosic, Tea; Sanger, Nitika; Hillmer, Alannah; Chawar, Caroul; Worster, Andrew; Marsh, David C.; Thabane, Lehana; Samaan, Zainab

doi:10.1186/s12954-021-00521-4

Harm Reduction Journal

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate multinomial analysis of demographic and clinical factors associated with overdose status (N = 2360)

From: Factors associated with opioid overdose during medication-assisted treatment: How can we identify individuals at risk?

		Univariate multinomial analysis			Multivariate multinomial analysis
Overdose status	Covariate	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
No reported overdoses [reference]	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Lifetime history of overdoses	Age by five-year increments	0.99	0.98, 1.00	0.024	0.93	0.89, 0.98	0.007
	Sex	0.95	0.78, 1.15	0.595	0.88	0.72, 1.08	0.210
	MAT	0.85	0.66, 1.08	0.175	1.19	0.88, 1.60	0.254
	Dose	1.00	1.00, 1.01	< 0.001	1.00	1.00, 1.01	0.005
	Years in treatment	1.02	1.00, 1.04	0.061	1.02	1.00, 1.04	0.082
	Have access to naloxone kits	1.77	1.38, 2.28	< 0.001	1.59	1.23, 2.06	< 0.001
	Suicidal Ideation	1.39	1.10, 1.75	0.005	1.17	0.92, 1.50	0.202
	Total physical symptoms score on MAP	1.02	1.01, 1.04	< 0.001	1.02	1.01, 1.03	0.005
	Alcohol use (past 30 days)	1.03	0.84, 1.26	0.776	1.01	0.82, 1.24	0.927
	Prescription benzodiazepine use	1.28	0.99, 1.65	0.059	1.08	0.83, 1.42	0.559
	Non-prescription use of benzodiazepines (past 30 days)	2.23	1.59, 3.13	< 0.001	1.87	1.32, 2.66	< 0.001
	Opioid abstinence at study entry	0.85	0.69, 1.04	0.122	0.92	0.74, 1.14	0.445
ED visit for overdose in the last year	Age by 5-year increments	0.95	0.94, 0.97	< 0.001	0.84	0.77, 0.92	< 0.001
	Sex	0.84	0.62, 1.15	0.286	0.77	0.55, 1.08	0.128
	MAT	0.96	0.65, 1.40	0.819	0.73	0.45, 1.16	0.181
	Dose	1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.015	1.00	0.99, 1.00	0.068
	Years in treatment	0.88	0.84, 0.92	< 0.001	0.92	0.87, 0.97	0.001
	Have access to naloxone kits	2.54	1.59, 4.06	< 0.001	1.90	1.17, 3.08	0.01
	Suicidal Ideation	2.07	1.48, 2.91	< 0.001	1.40	0.97, 2.03	0.071
	Total physical symptoms score on MAP	1.03	1.02, 1.05	< 0.001	1.03	1.01, 1.05	0.005
	Alcohol use (past 30 days)	1.25	0.91, 1.71	0.170	1.02	0.73, 1.43	0.886
	Prescription benzodiazepine use	0.88	0.56, 1.38	0.582	1.02	0.63, 1.63	0.944
	Non-prescription use of benzodiazepines (past 30 days)	3.25	2.05, 5.13	< 0.001	2.34	1.43, 3.81	0.001
	Opioid abstinence at study entry	0.39	0.26, 0.59	< 0.001	0.49	0.32, 0.75	0.001

OR Relative risk ratio, CI confidence interval

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