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Table 3 Overview of the sample demographics in the qualitative studies for assessing perceived risk and dependence

From: Impact of tobacco and/or nicotine products on health and functioning: a scoping review and findings from the preparatory phase of the development of a new self-report measure

Variables

Focus groups—Perceived risk* [34] (n = 229)

Focus groups—Dependence** [35]

Individuals who were exclusive users of TNPs (n = 19)

Individuals who were poly-users of TNPs (n = 21)

Sex

Male, n (%)

109 (47.6)

12 (63.2)

13 (61.9)

Female, n (%)

120 (52.4)

7 (36.8)

8 (38.1)

Age (years), mean ± SD

39.7 ± 12.7

38.0 ± 14.95

46.0 ± 11.06

18–25 years, n (%)

34 (14.8)

  

18–34 years, n (%)

 

7 (36.8)

7 (33.3)

26–50 years, n (%)

136 (59.4)

  

35–49 years, n (%)

 

8 (42.1)

10 (47.6)

51–65 years, n (%)

59 (25.8)

  

50 years or more, n (%)

 

4 (21.1)

4 (19.1)

Race, n (%)

Caucasian

 

12 (63.1)

8 (38.1)

African-American

 

4 (21.1)

8 (38.1)

Other

 

3 (15.8)

5 (23.8)

Education level, n (%)

High school or lower

68 (29.7)

6 (31.6)

8 (38.1)

Some college or college degree

142 (62.0)

5 (26.3)

7 (33.3)

Bachelor degree or beyond

19 (8.3)

8 (42.1)

6 (23.8)

TNP use status, n (%)

Adult who use TNPs

 

19 (100.0)

21 (100.0)

Cigarettes

 

5 (12.5)

17 (81.0)

Cigars/cigarillos

 

4 (10.0)

9 (42.9)

E-cigarettes

 

5 (12.5)

13 (61.9)

Smokeless tobacco

 

5 (12.5)

10 (47.6)

Others (pipe, waterpipe, and NRTs)

 

0 (0.0)

4 (10.0)

Adults who smoke and with no intention to quit

71 (31.0)

  

Adults who smoke and motivated to quit

39 (17.0)

  

Adult who used to smoke

62 (27.1)

  

Adult who never smoked

57 (24.9)

  
  1. NRT: nicotine replacement therapy; SD: standard deviation
  2. *Nine focus groups conducted in London (n = 3), Birmingham (n = 3), and Glasgow (n = 3); four focus groups conducted in Rome and Tokyo; twelve focus groups conducted in Atlanta (n = 4), Los Angeles (n = 4), and Philadelphia (n = 4)
  3. **In-depth interviews conducted in North Carolina, US. The sample was recruited to have equal numbers of people who use a single TNP (e.g., balanced across cigarettes, cigar/cigarillos, e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and other TNPs) and people who were poly-users of TNPs